@)&).$.!% -h'nfO{ #) tf_
cWofudg :jLs[lt
kq jf s'g} d'n'sdf k|j]z ug{sf] nflu lbOg] cfudg :jLs[ltnfO{ ;qf}+ c7f/f}+
;tfAbLb]lv le;f elgg yflnPsf] x'g' k5{ . ær/}j]lt r/}j]ltÆ lx8b} hfp
k"jL{o bz{gdf uxg / ax'cly{ zAb xf] . hLjgdf cfkm'nfO{ ultzLn agfpg' k5{ .
:j:y, c:j:y, d:t, lgGb|f tGb|f, hfu[t + ;'Kt– :jlKgn cj:yfdf klg dflg; rnfPdfg
x'g'k5{ . hLjgsf] ;lx cy{ ultzLn x'g' / e} /xg' xf] . cfh ef]ln ljZjdf Jofks
?kdf e|d0f ug]{ ;d"x 5 . ljZj cy{ tGqdf o;sf] 7"nf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5
.
xfn ljZjdf ljBdfg @!! j6f b]z
dWo ;a} d'n'ssf] cfˆgf] b]zdf ljb]zLsf] cfudgsf] nflu s]lx v'nf s]lx aGb lgod
agfPsf x'G5g\ . sltko d'n'sn] t Pp6} b]zsf ljleGg efusf] nflu cg]sf}+ le;fsf]
Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 . h:t} rLgsf] d'Vo e"ldsf] nflu Ps lsl;dsf], ltAatnfO{
csf]{ / xªsªsf] nflu t]>f] a]Un} le;f lng'kg]{ x'G5 .
le;f k4ltn] ljZj ahf/df wgL /
u/La, ;DkGg / ljkGg d'n's Pj+ JolQmnfO{ e]befj u5{ . ceFm egf} wgL /fi6«sf
gful/s lk|len]H8 / ;'ljwf;DkGg x'G5g\ . plgx?n] l;km{ kf;kf]6{ lnP/ uP k'U5 . ljZjsf
w]/} d'n'sdf le;f k|fKt ug{ cfudg ug]{ d'n'sdf cfudg le;f e|d0f cg'dlt kq k|fKt
ul/ xfN5g\ . plgx?sf] cfly{s x}l;otsf] dtna x'b}g . b]zsf] ;}lgs, af}l4s,
cfly{s zlQm g} plgx?sf] kf;kf]6{d /x]sf] /fli6«otfn] g} OHhtbf/ e|d0fsf/L
gful/ssf] ?kdf dfGotf kfpF5g\ . plgx? csf]{ wgL jf ul/a h:tf] ;'s} d'n'sdf klg
lgz+sf]r 3'dlkm/ ug{ kfpF5g\ . k/Gt' u/La /fi6«sf u/La jf wgL g} ePklg slxn]
sfFlx /fli6«otfs} sf/0f k|j]zcf1f eL;f kfpgaf6 j+lrt ul/G5g\ .
Po/kf]6{df le;f lbg] t
;Defjgf g} x'Fb}g . ljZj el/af6 ko{6s leq\ofpg] yfOn]08n] gfOh]l/of / g]kfnL
afx]s nfO{ Pc/kf]6{d} le;f cg P/fOen lbG5 .
**,))) tfnsf] b]z :j]8]g,
h+un, jg xl/ofnLn] el/Psf] d'n's xf], sf7 ljlqm ug]{, d'n's, lkmgNof08, …Nof08
ckm -PS6LP6_ yfph]G6 n]sÚ -:j]8]gsf] /dfOnf] b[io xhf/f}+tfn / ;'Gb/ xl/ofnL
xf] .
sf7df8f}+af6 *M@) df p8]sf] stf/ Pc/sf] xjfO{ hxfh kf}g] Ps ah] bf]xfdf
cjt/0f u¥of] . PSs} l5gdf xjfO{ hxfhaf6 aflx/ uP/ a;df r9of}+ . sl/a cfwf 306f
nufP/ Pc/ kf]6{sf] a; 6«fG;km/ 6ld{gndf k'Uof}+ . ToxfF @÷# hgf g]kfnL cg'xf/sf
s]6fx? b]lvP . d}n] tkfO{ g]kfnL xf] eg]sf] t oxfF ;a} ;'/Iff g]kfnL sf] xf]
eGof] . To; kl5 d}n] ;f]w]F k|mfGskmf]6{ hfg] u]6 gDa/ t]QL; xf] eg] kl5 Tof]
6ld{gn vf]Hb}, n3'z+sf u/]/ lx8] . kfFr bz ldg]6 lx8]kl5 t]QL; gDa/ u]6 t
e]l6of] t/ ToxfFsf] :6fkmn] eGof] b'O{ 306fkl5 cfpg';\ . clg 8o"l6lk|m
x]b}{ gofF cg'xf/;Fu ldqtf ufF:b} a;]F . af6f]df a]nfolt lzIfs / ljBfyL{ e]6
eof] . plgx? g]kfnsf] ufpFdf ;fdflhs ;]jf ul/ kms{b} u/]sf /x]5g\ .
!!÷!@ sIffdf k9\g] ljBfyL{ hLjgsf] km/s cg'ej ug{ g]kfn uPsf /x]5g\ .
kfFr hgf lzIfs, lzlIfsf;Fu d}n] ;f]w]F a]nfotdf b'O{ xKtfdf nfUg] vr{n] xjfO{
l6s6 ;lxt g]kfnsf] vfgf a:g vr{ k'Ubf] xf]nf x} . Ps hgf lzlIfsfn] eGg' eof]
kSs} xf] . xfdL Ps /ft ;fFu|Lnfdf a:of} ;fFlu|nfdf slt vr{ nfUof] dnfO{ yfxf
5}g . t/ p:t} xf]6ndf a]nfotdf a:bf t #%) kfp08 hlt nfU5 a]8 / a|]s kmf:6sf]
nflu . d}n] eg] ;fFlu|nfdf ;d"xdf a:bf k|lt JolQm !)) Ps ;o 8n/ ;Dd nfUbf]
xf]nf . ofqfdf ldqtf bf]xfsf] 6ld{gndf s'bf{ n]Vb} 5'F . Psl5g g]kfn 3'd]/
cfPsf a]nfolt lzlIfsf, lzIfs / ljBfyL{;Fu ukm ufkm eof] .
->fj0f !% h'nfO{ #!
tfl/v_
clxn] /ftL
g]kfnL ;do @ aHof] . d}n] sNkgf u/] Ps ;o jif{ cl3 stf/ s:tf] lyof] xf]nf .
k]6«f]nsf] k|of]u pTkfbg cf}wf]luls s/0fn] pu| d?e"lddf ;fgbfg ;'Gb/,
dgdf]xs xjfO{ u|fp08 / 6ld{gn agfPsf] /x]5 . of] ag]sf] w]/} jif{ ePh:tf]
nfUb}g lsgls oxfF k|of]u ePsf lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L :6Ln, 6fon, cflb xfn}sf] pTkfbg
xf] . ;kmf ;'U3/ ePklg sf]l/ofsf] OG5g hlt ;'ljwf o'Qm rfFlx 5}g . 8o'l6 lk|m
gfd dfqsf] h:tf] nfUof] . vf;} ;fdfg 5}g, Tof] klg lgs} dx+uf]g} 5 . b'aO{df
/fd|f] 5 /] .
/fhf dx]Gb|sf]
a]nfot e|d0fdf a]nfotsL dxf/fgL leS6f]l/of /]nj] :6]zgdf :jfut ug{ cfPsls lyOg,
Tolx b]zdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf sfo{/t–s0f]{n======= nfdfnfO{ >LdtL e]6\g uPsf]
a]nfdf åGåsf] ;dosf] dfgj clwsf/ xggsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ lu/ˆbf/ u/] . Ps 8]9
dlxgf;Dd >LdtL / sfg"g Joj;foL klg e]6g lbPsf] lyPg .
DFID n] lbg] u/]sf] elgPsf] $.% c/a ?lkofF
jflif{s dWo xfdLnfO{ s] slt rflxPsf] 5, To;n] g]kfnsf] slt ljsf;df ;3fPsf] 5 <
cfPsf] /sd / To;sf] k|of]u
g]kfnLx?n] sxfF u/]sf 5g\ ;"rgfsf] xs ;a} g]kfnLsf] 5 ls 5}g <
cha b'lgofF uha ;+;f/ M
cfh cu:6 ! tfl/vsf lbg laxfg ;a]/} p7]/ uy]gju{ ljZjljBfno j/k/sf]
;]/f]km]/f]df w'dwfd u/+] . laxfg} Tolt :jLl8;x? p7]sf x'b}g xf]nf . To;}n]
nfdf nfdf a;df, 6«ddf 8«fOe/ afx]s d'l:snn] Ps b'O{ hgf dfq ofqL ofqf ul//x]sf]
b]v]F . dnfO{ nfUof] eujfgn] ls dfG5]n] slt cGofo u/]sf] . c;dfg ljt/0f
k|0ffnLsf] r/d ?k . wgL /fi6«df hgtfsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu /]n, 6«d, @, # j6f
hf]l8Psf / leq Pc/ sl08;g ePsf a;x? nfvf}+ vr{ ul/ dfgj /lxt klg ;]jf lbO{
/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] h:tf d'n'sdf aemfË hfg] a;df $) hgfsf] ;L6df &).*) hgfn]
ofqf ubf{ b'3{6gfsf d[tsf] ;+Vof tf]Sg} ufx|f] x'G5 .
lj8Dagf k"0f{ ;+;f/ .
km]/L 3'Db} hfFbf uy]gju{sf] 8s 7"nf 8'Ëf c8\ofpg] 7fpF b]v] . ;f]wk'5 u/+]
clg yfxf eof] . sl/a !%) qmf]g/df 7"nf] 8'Ëfn] 8]gdfs{ ;Dd 3'dfP/ lnP/
cfpF5/] . To;kl5 d cfˆgf] sf]7fdf uPF . s]lx vfg]s'/f vfP/ 8sdf cfO{ a;]F . k|ftM
bz ah] :6]gn]g gfdsf] af]6 k|:yfg u¥of] . sl/a #÷#) 306f hfg / Toltg} kmls{g
nfU5 /] . a]n'sf ^ ah] ;Dd km]l/ uy]gju{ k'lu ;S5 eg]kl5 d t}of/ eO{ l6s6 vl/b
ul/ 8'Ëfdf a;]F . 8'Ëf ls kfgL hxfh h] eg]klg of] lgs} 7"nf] 5 . dnfO{ t
7fpF, jftfj/0f, dfG5]sf] Jojxf/ ;a} x]g{ dg nfUof] . ljkGgtfdf dfgjLo ;DkGgtf /
;DkGgtfdf dfgl;s bl/b|tf ePh:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ t .
sf]xL klg af]Ng klg t}of/ x'b}gg\ . zAb lsGg knf{ h:tf dflg;x? ;DkGgtfdf
dfgl;s tgfj k|z:t b]v]F . xfdL sxfF ef]s, Kof;, cefj, b'leIf{df klg ;do,
;+j]bgf dflg; dflg;sf] efjgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg x'G5 . bz tNnfsf] kfgL hxfh uy]gju{
xfj{/af6 8]gdfs{sf] nflu k|:yfg u¥of] . sl/a @)) jif{ cl3 h'ga]nf /]n, a;,
xjfO{ hxfh lyPgg To;} a]nf b]lv :jLl8; hgtf / /fhfn] oftfoftsf] ljsfz ug{
;d'b|dfu{af6 zx/ leq ;Dd cfpg ;Sg] 7"nf] gx/ h:tf] agfO{ uy]gju{nfO{ ;'ud
agfPsf /x]5g\ . ;'Gb/ k|s[lt yf]/} :yfgLo afl;Gbf ;kmf rf}8f ;8s oxfFsf]
ljz]iftf /x]5 . cf]ssf] ?v k|;:t x'g] ePsf]n] hxfh lgdf{0fdf :j]8]g k|l;4 /x]5
.
clxn] rf}yf] tNnfdf k'u]+ /
aDa} b]lv uf]cf ;Ddsf] d}n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] blIf0f PlzofnL cWoog e|d0fsf]
k'g/fj[lQ ePh:tf] nfUof] . s:tf /fd|f /fd|f ;d'Gb|L lsgf/f, l5of, lbof
k/]sf . ;kmf ;d'Gb| lsgf/fdf ;'Gb/ jl:tx?
uy]gju{ ;fFRr} dgdf]xs 7fpF /x]5 . k|zfGt dxf;fu/sf nx/Ldf nx/Lb} hxfh cfˆgf]
af6f] 8]gdfs{ nfUb}5 . ;'Gb/ dGb 3fd nflu /x]5 . cfsfzdf afbn ePklg gLnf]
cfsfzdf as'Nnfx? ;fob df5f vf]Hb} p8]sf 5g\ . 3'dGt]x? tndfly oq tq udL{
labfsf] dHhflng hxfh leq 3'Db} 5g\ . zl//sf] ef/ w]/} ePsf e};L h:tf] b]lvg]x? Xofd
au{/ / 7"nf] sf]ssf] lunf; xftdf lnO{ cem cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ ef/L agfpFb} 5g\
. k]6df aRrf ePsL dlxnf lbSs dfGb} PSn} a;]sL l5g . ;fgf gfgL x'g]x? gfgL
n]vfpFb} 5g\ . pgsf] afafn] af]tnn] b'w Vjfpb}5g\ . cfdf hxfhdf 3'dlkm/
ub}{l5g\ . w]/}sf] cg'xf/ dlng 5 . s]lx s]6L;fyLnfO{ v'l; kfg]{ OR5fn] gSsnL
xfF;f] xfF:b}5g\ kGb| klRr;]x? . ;d'Gb|sf] lsgf/df xn]08sf] h:t} y'k|} lj08dLn
klg 5g\ .
ca bzf}+ tNnfdf k'u]F,
dflg;x? vfFb} 3'Db} /dfpFb} /x]5g\ . s;}s;}n] csf]{ ljkl/t lnlËnfO{ sfvdf /fvL
v]nfpb} lyP . hxfhsf] dflyaf6 w'Fjfsf] d':nf] cfO{/x]sf] lyof] . l8hn jf sf]Onf
s] sf] xf] yfxf 5}g . s]lx t?lgx? aS;/ / hd{g ;]km8{ hftsf] s's'/x? Tof] klg
w]/} 7"n7"nf cfsf/sf lnP/ hxfhsf] Psfkl§ a;]sf 5g\ . Ps 5]plt/
s's'/sf] /]:6'/]G6 / ;'k/dfs]{6 klg /x]5 . csf]{lt/ s/d'Qm kzn . hxfh leq :jfb
rvfpg ;–;fgf lunf;df l;Q} /lS; klg ljt/0f ug]{ ;'Gb/Lx? . sl/a &*.*) jif{sf
j[4sf] ;xf/f ePsL Ps hgf Plzog dlxnf b]v]F . b'j}sf] pd]/df cflw eGbf a9Lsf]
km/s 5 . pgn] dlt/ x]l/g a'9f dfG5]klg 3'/]/ x]/]+ . gh/ cklg cklg vofn ckgf ckgf
. ljifdtf g} ljZjsf] ljz]iftf xf] . clxn] hxfhaf6 kfgL afx]s s]lx klg gb]lvg]
e} ;Sof] . P3f/ aHof] Ps 306fdf xfdL ;fob lgs} ;d'Gb|leq k|j]z u¥of}
xf]nf . d}n] hxfhsf] Ps :6fkmnfO{ ;f]w]F slt tNnfsf] xf]nf . pgn] 7fpF b]vfP / eg] ToxfF hfg'; x]g'{; ;a} n]lvPsf] x'G5 . pgn] t'?Gt} hfg]sf] ljifodf klg pQ/ glbO{ cfkm} vf]Hg dnfO{ afWo kf/] . g]kfndf ePsf] eP k]6 b'Vof] eg] a]/fnug vfg'; eg]/ h:n] klg elglbg ;s5 . l;sfpg] eGbf l;Sg nufpg] afgL /x]5 . Tof] k4ltn] dflg;sf] vf]l hug]{ aflg kbf]{ xf]nf .
xf]nf . d}n] hxfhsf] Ps :6fkmnfO{ ;f]w]F slt tNnfsf] xf]nf . pgn] 7fpF b]vfP / eg] ToxfF hfg'; x]g'{; ;a} n]lvPsf] x'G5 . pgn] t'?Gt} hfg]sf] ljifodf klg pQ/ glbO{ cfkm} vf]Hg dnfO{ afWo kf/] . g]kfndf ePsf] eP k]6 b'Vof] eg] a]/fnug vfg'; eg]/ h:n] klg elglbg ;s5 . l;sfpg] eGbf l;Sg nufpg] afgL /x]5 . Tof] k4ltn] dflg;sf] vf]l hug]{ aflg kbf]{ xf]nf .
P6nfG6Ls cf]l;ogdf xfd|f]
8'Ëf t}l/Fb}5 . Ps hgf lkt[ eQm 5f]/L afa'nfO{ a[4 clg c;Qm cj:yfdf ed|0f
u/fpFb} l5g . xfG; (Hans) Berjkvast ah|sef:6 / pgls 5f]/L cfGgf ;Fu s]lx j]/
;Fu} hxfhdf 3'd]F . e|d0f ;'Gb/ /Xof], af6f]sf] ldqtf /dfOnf] x"G5 . *!
jlif{o kfgL hxfhsf OlGhlgo/;Fu ukm ul/ 8]sdf a;] . pgn] kGw| jif{sf] pd]/ b]lv
;d'Gb|df sfd u/]sf] /] . @^ jif{ t cd]l/sfdf dfq} sfd u/] pgn] eg] s/La ;a}
;d'Gb| df]u]sf] / x]/]sf] 5'F . clxn] d]/f] v'§f rNb}g . To;}n] lXjn r]o/sf]
;xf/f 5f]/Ln] 3'dfpFb} l5g /] .
bz tNnfsf] hxfhdf kfFr b]lv
bztNnf ;Dd tn dfly 8'Nb} gofF ;fyL agfpb} ukm ub}{ hfFbf tLg 306f lat] 5 .
Tolts}df xfd|f] 7"nf] 8'Ëf ls xhfh 8]gdfs{ k'Uof] .
of] 8]lg; e"ldaf6 cfFx"; eP/ /]ndf sf]a]gx]ug uObf] /x]5 . cfx';df
PN;fsf] 3/ 5 xf]nf, 8]lg; :jod ;]js ;+:yfdf efiff lzIfs eO{ sfd ubf{ d}n]
g]kfnL efiff k9fPsf] ljBfyL{ lyOg PN;f . ca t a'9L e} ;ls xf]lng . 7fpF ;'Gb/ /dfOnf]
k/d ;DkGgtf dflg;df g}/f:otf xtf;, lbSbfl/ kgf ls r/d JolQmjfb xflj ePsf] h:tf]
nfUof] dnfO{ t . vf]H5g\ ;a} ;'v egL ;'v Tof] sxfF 5, cfkm' ld6fO{ c?nfO{ lbg'
hxfF 5 . :j]8]gdf r/d ul/aL ePsf] a]nfdf oxfFsf !)Ü dflg; cd]l/sfdf uP/ a;f]af;
u/]5g\ . sltkosf] egfO{df c7f/f}+ ;tflAbsf] cGtlt/ r/d u/Llasf] sf/0f rf/ ldlnog hg;+Vof . rfln; nfv dWo s/La cfwf hg;+Vof g} cd]l/sf k'u] eGg] klg 5g\ . h] xf];\ k|ltzt eGbf klg dflg; vfgkfg / ;'v ;'ljwfsf] vf]lhdf csf]{b]z hfG5 eg] Tof] hfoh g} xf] . ldlgPkln; cflb 7fpFdf :jLl8; ;+:s[lt b]Vg ;lsG5 /] . dfgj 3'dGt] k|f0fL xf], ;'vsf] vf]lhdf b'Mv u/]/ o'/f]k k'u]sf slt g]kfnL e]l6P .
u/]5g\ . sltkosf] egfO{df c7f/f}+ ;tflAbsf] cGtlt/ r/d u/Llasf] sf/0f rf/ ldlnog hg;+Vof . rfln; nfv dWo s/La cfwf hg;+Vof g} cd]l/sf k'u] eGg] klg 5g\ . h] xf];\ k|ltzt eGbf klg dflg; vfgkfg / ;'v ;'ljwfsf] vf]lhdf csf]{b]z hfG5 eg] Tof] hfoh g} xf] . ldlgPkln; cflb 7fpFdf :jLl8; ;+:s[lt b]Vg ;lsG5 /] . dfgj 3'dGt] k|f0fL xf], ;'vsf] vf]lhdf b'Mv u/]/ o'/f]k k'u]sf slt g]kfnL e]l6P .
sf]Onf / kmnfd o'4df k|of]u
ePkl5 :j]8]gdf lr;f]n] l6Sg} g;lsg] eP5 . To;kl5 w]/} dflg; ;lhnf] hLjgsf]
vf]lhdf cd]l/sf lt/ nfu]5g\ . b'O{ ah] lt/ 8]gdfs{ k'u]/ kGb| ldg]6 hlt 3'd] .
w]/} ofqLx? 8]lg; pTkfbgsf] sfn{;ju{ ljo/sf] r'l:s lnFb} lyP . 8]lg; uLt /
;+uLt nfOe e} /x]Yof] Tolts}df km]l/ :j]8]g kms{g' kg]{ ePsf]n] d t'?Gt} lkmtf{
ePF l6s6 km]l/ r]lsª u/]/ Stena Line :6]gf lng] km]l/df a;] clg 8sdf a;]/ 8fo/L
n]Vg a;]F . cfhsf] lbg ;d'Gb|sf] cfgGb lnFb} :j]8]g / 8]gdfs{sf] lardf cjl:yt
;d'Gb|L ;tx x]g{ d Jo:t eof}+ . :j]8]gsf] a;fO{sf] bf]>f] lbg dxTjk"0f{
/xof] . hxfhdf ;fgf] lunf;df :jLl8; cNsf]xn lgMz'Ns ljt/0f e}/x]sf] lyof] . 8]lg;
Xof6 klxl/Psf b'O{ hgf ;'Gb/L s]6f s]6Lsf] nflu nfdf nfdf a]n'g km's]/ lgMz'Ns
ljt/0f ub}{ lyP . ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{ o:tf 7fpF cg';f/sf ultljlw ug'{
jf~5lgo b]lvG5 .
hxfh 8]gdfs{ af6 :j]8]gsf] uf]6]sf{
-c+u|]hL efiffdf uy]gju{_ hfgsf] nflu k|:yfg u¥of] . kmls{bf 8]lg; ;adl/g -kfgLd'lg
/xg] ;}lgs hxfh_ klg 8sdf b]lvof] . ;Fu} ;'Svf 8sdf Ps lgdf{0f x'b} u/]sf]
csf]{{ kfgL hxfh klg b]lvof] . ca 8]lg; lsgf/faf6 6fl9b} ;d'Gb|sf] leq kl§
hfFb} 5 . xfdL uPsf] efu 8]gdfs{sf] pQ/df kg]{ /x]5 .
8]gdfs{ e|d0f
lxGbdxf;fu/ b]lv k|zfGt
dxf;fu/sf] ofqf M g]kfn hldg} hldgn] 3]/LPsf] d'n's xf] . ;fob Nof08 nS8
x'g' klg g]kfnsf] ljsfzsf] afws xf] . o; kfnL blIf0f Plzof, ef/t, >Ln+sf lt/
ePsf] lxGb dxf;fu/af6 o'/f]ksf] pQ/ klZrd lt/ /x]sf] P6nflG6s dxf;fu/sf]
lsgf/df cjl:yt :j]8]gsf] uy]gju{ e|d0fsf] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . Ps lx;fan] x]bf{
of] cj;/n] ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«larsf] b'/L -kf6g} g;lsg]_ cfly{s ljljwtf slt
dfgj lgld{t x'g eg] sltko k|j[lt k|bQm x'g\ . uy]gju{ d} $.% j6f g]kfnL
/]i6'/]06 /x]5g\ . tfKn]h'ªb]lv afUn'ª ;Ddsf dflg;n] kfl/jfl/s >dåf/f ;'?
ul/Psf tL /]i6'/]06sf dflnssf 5f]/f5f]/L :yfgLo h:t} eO{ ;s]5g\ . s6s dNnhLn]
Ps dlxgf cl3 eg] cg';f/ :j]8]gdf sl/a ^)).&)) hgf g]kfnL xfn a:b}5g\ /] .
yfO{ /]i6'/]06 gfd ePsf] /]i6'/]06 klg hxfhsf] 8s glhs} /x]5 . g]kfnLsf] a'l4,
Ifdtf, >d ;a}sf] ;lDd>0f b]lvof] uy]gju{sf /]i6'/]06df . æa;'w}a s'6'Das+Æ
kl/jf/ s] xf] t, j}w a:g] cg'dlt eP kl5 s/ ltg'{ k5{ /] . s/ lt/] kl5 cfˆgf]
OR5f eP ;/sf/n] g} :j]l8; efiff l;sfpg] /x]5 . :j]8]gdf a:g] x/]s pd]/ ;d'xsf
dfG5] ;fgf] b]lv ;Q/L jif{ ;Ddsf] nflu :jLl8; efiff l;sfOg] /x]5 . efiff
;+:s[lt ;Eotfsf] d"n xf] . cf}iflw d"nf] lgMz'Ns, s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns
a]/f]huf/L eQf c? s] g} rflxof] / < ljZj el/df g]kfnLn] klg j}w, cj}w k'u]/
cfˆgf] >d nufP/ k|ult u/]sf] b]Vbf /dfOnf] nfUof] . hf8f]df hLjg clns sl7g
x'G5 /] . cuf8L kl§ ;fgf] 7fpFdf km'n km'nfPsf 5g\ . x+l;nf] ldhf;sf efO{x?
x]b}{ g]kfnL kgfsf] v'l;ofnL g} nfUof] . ;'/]Gb| s'df/ lnDa', :j]8]gdf s]
lnDa'afg s] v'Da'afh oxfF t dfgjLotf ljsf; >d / ;'/Iff oltg} xf] xfdLnfO{
rflxg] Ps hgf efO{n] eGof] . d]/f] 3/ x]6f}8fsf] kbd kf]v/Ldf xf] . :j]8]g
cfPsf] !* dlxgf eof] /] d]/f] ;;'/f :s'nsf] lzIfs x'g'x'GYof] . ;]ldgf/df cfO{
olx n'Sg'eof] . rf}w jif{kl5 j}wflgs eP/ ut jif{ 3/ uP/ e/v/} kms{g' ePsf] 5
eGof] . tkfO{ t oxfF a:g] x}g ls bfO{ k|Zg t]:of{of] . d}n] eg] efO{, hfkfg,
sf]l/of, cd]l/sf, :jL6\h/ Nof08 sFlx n'lsg oxfF kf] lsg n'Sg' / efO{ eg] . t} klg
cj}w ePsf g]kfnLx? c?nfO{ klg p:t} cfFvfn] x]g]{ /x]5g\ . o:t} 5 g]kfnLsf]
csf]{ g]kfnL k|ltsf] x]/fO{ . Tof] x]/fO{df p;sf] ulNt xf]Og, ljb]zLg], n'Sg],
efUg], nfx'/] x'g], zf/Ll/s >dsf] nflu klg :jb]zdf sfd gkfO{ aflxl/g] afWotf
eP/ xf]nf <
h] xf]; cflv/ g]kfnLdf g]kfnL kgf t x'G5 g} . d d]/f] 3/sf] /fhf
em'k8Lg} ePklg .
d]/f] xjfO{ hxfhsf] l6s &%)) qmf]g/ k/]5 . u]i6 xfp;sf] ef8f $)))
qmf]g/ lx;fa u/]5 uy]gju{ ljZj ljBfnon]
cfh cu:t @ tfl/vsf lbg laxfg p7]F . uy]gju{ ljZjljBfnosf] k|fWofksx? ;Fu
g]kfndf ul/g] lkmN8 l/;r{sf] af/]df 5nkmn u¥of}+ . lkmN8 l/;r{sf] :yfg, tl/sf,
l/;r{ d]yf]8f]nf]hL, ;+Vof, k|ZgfjnL, ;f]wdf nfUg] ;do . cg'dflgt vr{ cflb
ljljw ljifodf 5nkmn u¥of}+ . uy]gju{ ljZjljBfnosf] Unf]an :6l8h sfo{qmd ljefudf
a;]/ ?jf08fsf] Ps cg';Gwftf ;Fu klg 5nkmn eof] . b'O{ ah];Dd cg';Gwfgsf] 5nkmn
kl5 sf7df8f}+ /]i6'/]06df vfgf vfof}+ . ToxfF ;fx'hLn] d}n] vfPsf] vfgfsf] k};f
lnPg . kf]v/f n]vgfysf efO{n] ut jif{b]lv Tof] /]i6'/]06 rnfPsf] /x]5 .
Tof] b]v]/ :jLl8; ;flynfO{ crDd nfUof] . s] xf] of] g]kfnL cflTdotf
glrg]sf] klxnf] e]6 ePsf] dflg;nfO{ klg lsg l;Q} vfgf lbPsf] <
df};d lnªb]g -lnDa'_
kGb| jif{df P;=Pn=;L= u/]kl5 cfO{=P= kf; ePg, ljb]z hfg] Rofgn lyPg . ljb]zsf]
af/]df yfxf kfPF, o'/f]k t d lx8]/ cfPsf] x'F . ef/t Go"lbNnL bnfnsf] kl5
nfu]F, rf]/ a'l4 l;sF], bnfn;Fu, bnfnL ;Fu hf]l8g k'uF] . g]kfndf :s"ndf
k9\bfv]l/ hf]8{gsf] /fhf dbf{ :s'n laFbf ePsf] ;+emgf lyof] . ef/taf6 d Tolx
b]z k'u]5' . ToxfF hfsL zx/df sl/a tLg dlxgf a;]F, n]agfg glhs} /x]5 . leq a:bf
kbf{ vf]Ng gkfOg] . aflx/ uof] dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ x]g{ gkfpg] . d]/f] o'/f]k s;/L k'Ug]
eGg] dfq WofpGg lyof] . xfdL !^ hgf lyofF} bnfnn] k7fpg g;Sg] l:ytL eof] rf/
nfv ltl/ ;s]sf lyof}+ . a]n'sf l/; p7]/ ‰ofn vf]Nof}+ . jl/ kl/sf dfG5]n] 3/df
9'Ëfd'8f u/] . To; kl5 xfdL dWosf kGb| hgf 3/ g]kfn kms]{ . d}n] bnfn;Fu
s'/fu/]F / Sa'afsf] le;f kfPF . So'af hfg eg]/ :k]gdf emg]{ ljrf/ lyof] .
kfOn6n] kf;kf]6{ cfkm';Fu /fVof] . clg So'af k'luof] tLg dlxgf a;]kl5 ef]sef]s}
eOof] clg :k]g eP/ kmls{of] . TolxF kf;kf]6{ 6jfOn]6df
Roft]F . kf;kf]6{ gePsf]n] Kn]gsf] u]6df dnfO{ 5f]8\of] . xjfO{ hxfh 5f]8] z/0ffyL{ ePF . k'ln;n] k};f dfUof] d;Fu k};f lyPg . Ps xKtf s8f k|x/L lgoGq0fdf y'Gof] . Ps xKtf kl5 ^ dlxgf vfg] a:g] efiff k9\g] Joj:yf u¥of] . t/ sfd eg] kfpg d'l:sn lyof] . ToxfFaf6 d k|mfG; k'u] . ToxfF k+hflasf] u'?åf/fdf vfg, a:g lk|m lyof], ToxfF a;]F . kl5 :jL6h/ Nof08 k'uF] h]g]ef sl/a @).@% lbg a;]F, a]lNhoddf !$ dlxgf a;F] . ToxfF sdfO{ ePg clg hd{gL k'Fu] k|mfGskmf]6{ k'u]F . km]l/ a]lNhod eP/ 8]gdfs{ k'u]F . sf]k]gx]u]gdf ufFhf vfg] 7fpF k'u]F . ToxfFaf6 gj]{ uP/ tLg jif{ latfPF . ljgf kl/ro kq cj}w eP/, clg gj]{af6 :j]8]g cfPF sl/a bz uf8Ldf PsnfO{ r]lsª x'G5 d cfPsf] uf8L r]s ePg . kl5 kf]r'{un uP/ k]k/ t}of/ eof] . clxn] :jLl8; gful/stf / kf;kf]6{ e} ;Sof] .
Roft]F . kf;kf]6{ gePsf]n] Kn]gsf] u]6df dnfO{ 5f]8\of] . xjfO{ hxfh 5f]8] z/0ffyL{ ePF . k'ln;n] k};f dfUof] d;Fu k};f lyPg . Ps xKtf s8f k|x/L lgoGq0fdf y'Gof] . Ps xKtf kl5 ^ dlxgf vfg] a:g] efiff k9\g] Joj:yf u¥of] . t/ sfd eg] kfpg d'l:sn lyof] . ToxfFaf6 d k|mfG; k'u] . ToxfF k+hflasf] u'?åf/fdf vfg, a:g lk|m lyof], ToxfF a;]F . kl5 :jL6h/ Nof08 k'uF] h]g]ef sl/a @).@% lbg a;]F, a]lNhoddf !$ dlxgf a;F] . ToxfF sdfO{ ePg clg hd{gL k'Fu] k|mfGskmf]6{ k'u]F . km]l/ a]lNhod eP/ 8]gdfs{ k'u]F . sf]k]gx]u]gdf ufFhf vfg] 7fpF k'u]F . ToxfFaf6 gj]{ uP/ tLg jif{ latfPF . ljgf kl/ro kq cj}w eP/, clg gj]{af6 :j]8]g cfPF sl/a bz uf8Ldf PsnfO{ r]lsª x'G5 d cfPsf] uf8L r]s ePg . kl5 kf]r'{un uP/ k]k/ t}of/ eof] . clxn] :jLl8; gful/stf / kf;kf]6{ e} ;Sof] .
;g\ @))( b]lv cfkm}n] xf]6n vf]nF] . klxn] ef/tLo sxfF kfFr jif{ sfd
u/]F . xfn :jLl8; eP/ kl/jf/sf dfG5]nfO{ sfdbf/sf] ?kdf af]nfPF . xfn xfdL @)
hgf $ /]i6'/]06 vf]n]/ a;]sf 5f}+ . d oxfFsf] dfG5];Fu lax] ul/ l8ef];{sf] ;Fw}
;Defjgfdf
/xGg . To;}n] g]kfnL 8f]/LnfO{ d l5gfNg] 5}g . dnfO{ d]/f] b]zsf] dfof 5 .
/xGg . To;}n] g]kfnL 8f]/LnfO{ d l5gfNg] 5}g . dnfO{ d]/f] b]zsf] dfof 5 .
:j]8]gsf] ;'Gb/ bf]>f] 7"nf] gu/Lsf] gfd uy]gju{ xf] .
uy]gju{sf] xfj{/ glhs} Ps efO{sf] yfO{–Ozfg /]i6'/]06 5 . h;sf] d"n dflns
================= efO{ x'g\ . plg klxn] t]x|y'd t?0fbnsf] cWoIf /x]5g\ . -Ps
axfb'/ g]kfnLsf] wSsd wSsfsf] ;kmntf_ k|f]:tfnª\utf, km6{ nª l:6«l6;\
cjl:yt, clxn] :j]8]gsf] uy]gju{df hDdf $ j6f /]i6'/]06df hDdf @) hgfPs}
kl/jf/sf] dfG5] dflns, sfdbf/ ;a} cfkm} x'g'x'G5 . dfl;s $) xhf/ :jLl8; qmfpg
/]i6'/]06sf] axfn 5/] . Ps xhf/sf] g]kfnL kGb| xhf/ x'g] /x]5 d'Gb|f ;6xL ubf{
.
cfh kfFr ah] p7]/ M Slots skogen Znf]:sf]h]g kfs{df 3'Dg uPF . kfs{ cToGt
;'Gb/ lyof] . klxnf] k6s ;Ln df5f k|hflt w'|jLo k|b]zsf hgfj/nfO{ b]v]F .
af6f]df s]lx kmf]6f] lvr]F b'O{ hgf dlxnfn] Ps l5g kv]{/ d]/f] klg kmf]6f]
lvRg] sfd ul/g . ^ ah]b]lv * ah];Dd 3'd3fd u/]kl5 d u]i6xfp;df kms]{ / g'xfO{ w'jfO{
u/]F . To;kl5 g]kfnaf6 NofPsf] jfO{jfO{ rfprfp ksfP/ vfPF .
cu:t–$
@)&).$.@)
cfh uy]gju{af6 sf]k]g x]ug hfg ljxfg} b]lv t}of/ eP/ a;]F . sl/a Ps 306f
k|l;4 kfs{df 3'Dbf Oe]G6sf] t}of/L x]/]+ . 6'8Lv]n h:tf] kfs{sf] rf}/df 8f]h/
rnfP/ klg b'jf] / 3fF;nfO{ s;/L ;'/Iff ubf{ /x]5g\ To;sf] nflu slt vr{ nfUbf]
xf] . oxfFsf] gu/kflnsf jf kfs{ Joj:yfkgsf] t}of/L vr{ b]v]/ dnfO{ cgf}7f]
nfUof] . ToxfFaf6 kms]{kl5 g'xfO{ w'jfO{ u/]+ / n'ufdf :qL nufpg nfp08«/L
sf]7fdf uPF k/Gt' :qL sfd u/]g . To;kl5 km]l/ sf]7fdf cfPF / vfg];fdfg lsGg
ahf/ uPF . bxL, kfp/f]6L, s]/f lsg]/ lnP/ cfPF . g]kfnaf6 NofPsf] 6«]s/;{ km'8
ld;fP/ vfhf vfPF . w]/} j]/;Dd ;'zg gcfPkl5 ckmuflg ;Fu ;f]wF] :6]zgdf s;/L
k'Ug] p:n] eGof] k}bn @).@% ldg]6 nfU5 . t/ a; / 6«d h] df uP klg x'G5 . Tolx
tn dfly ub}{ lyP ls ;'zg cfOk'lug . pgsf] sf/df ;]G6«n :6]zgdf uof}+ /
:6sxf]dsf] lk|G6 gePsf] l6s6sf] af/]df ;f]Wof}+ / lk|G6 ul/ dfUof}+ . csf]{
sf]k]g x]ug b]lv uy]gju{ kms{g] l6s6sf] ;do kl/jt{g ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{ ;Dej ePg .
/]nsf] l6s6sf] ;dodf klg kl/jt{g ug{ ufx|f] /x]5 . OG6/g]6af6 l6s6 ljlqm ug]{
sDkgL cs}{ xf] /] l6s6df ;do lbPsf]nfO{ km/s gkg]{ eg]sf] 5 . To;}n] l6s6df
n]v]sf] 6]lnkmf]g gDa/df kmf]g ug'{;\ eGof] . cyjf 6]«gdf a;]kl5 ;f]Wg'; eGof]
. To; kl5 xfdL /]nj] :6]zgdf a;]/ sfk'lrgf] slkm vfof}+ . xfdL b'j} hgfn] vfPsf]
slk ld7f] lyof] . tLg ah]/ rjfln; ldg]6df xfd|f] /]n af6f]
nfUof] . Sof /dfOnf] ;'Gb/ ;kmf xl/of] d'n's . lxhf] kfgL k/]sf]n] cfh cfsfz :jR5
5 . u|fld0f b[Jofjnf]sg ub}{ :j]8]gsf] /]n 8]gdfs{ lt/ nfUb} 5 . df};d Ps bd /dfOnf] 5 . emndNn 3fd nflu /x]sf] 5 . tfkqmd hDdf @@.@# l8u|L 5 . æ;'xfgf ;km/ cfh df};d xl;FÆ jfnf lxGbL uLt ;Demg dg nfUof] .
nfUof] . Sof /dfOnf] ;'Gb/ ;kmf xl/of] d'n's . lxhf] kfgL k/]sf]n] cfh cfsfz :jR5
5 . u|fld0f b[Jofjnf]sg ub}{ :j]8]gsf] /]n 8]gdfs{ lt/ nfUb} 5 . df};d Ps bd /dfOnf] 5 . emndNn 3fd nflu /x]sf] 5 . tfkqmd hDdf @@.@# l8u|L 5 . æ;'xfgf ;km/ cfh df};d xl;FÆ jfnf lxGbL uLt ;Demg dg nfUof] .
Ps hgf cw{ sfnL aflnsf;Fu /]ndf
e]6 eof] . pg};Fu ukm ub}{ uof}+ …;]gfa'Ú pgsf] gfd xf] . Do'lhs sG;6{df :jLl8;
uLt ufpg' hfb}F l5g\ . rf/ cfdf / Ps af 5g\ /] pgsf . pgsf] g]kfn x]g]{ OR5f 5
. uflDaofdf ljsfz] sfd ubf{ pgsL cfdf;Fu lax] u/]5g\ . of] /]n :j]8]gaf6
8]gdfs{ lt/ nfUb} 5 . af6f]df y'k|} ljG8ldn lah'nL lgsfNg] kFvf b]lvFb}5g\ . ;du|
If]q xl/ofnL o'Qm 5 . ux'F, hfF} kfs]/ kx]Fnf] ePsf] 5 . ufO{ j:t', e]8f,
3f]8f, r/b}5g\ . af6f]df ;–;fgf 3/, ;–;fgf ufpF b]lvG5g\ .
o'/f]ksf] /]nj] :6]zgdf klxnf]k6s h+unL v/fof] b]v]+ . o'/f]ksf]
ljsfzsf] Pp6fsf/0f ;Dd k/]sf] hldg /x]5 . efO{ lsË o'udf n'6fxfx?sf] d'n's
/x]sf] :j]8]g j}wflgs /fHo vf]Hbf afx|f} ztflAbb]lv /fhtGq ;lxtsf] /fHo :yfkgf
ePsf] b]lvFbf] /x]5 . pGgfO;f}+ ztflAbsf] ;'? b]lv dfq gj]{ 5'§} /fHo ag]sf]
/x]5 . klxnf :j]8]gg} :sfG8]g]leog Ps dfq alnof] /fHosf] ?kdf :yflkt eP5 .
klxnf] 7"nf] kfgL hxfh agfO{ k"j{df ?if / klZrd blIf0fdf a]nfot,
hd{gL;Dd nfO{ n'6\g] n'6fxfdfFemL 8s}t ;fgf ;d"xsf] gfd efOlsË /x]5 .
cfhef]nL k]6«f]nsf] 7"nf] e08f/sf sf/0f gj]{ wlg eP5 . klxn] Tof]
e"–efu Ps bd clgsfn / ljkGg u|:t If]q /x]5 .
/fhf u':tfe b]lv :j]8]gsf]
Jojl:yt Oltxf; z'? ePsf] dflgbf] /x]5 . afx|f} ztfAbLsf] dWoefunfO{ :j]l8;
/fhgLlts Oltxf;;Fu hf]8] klg cfO; Phsf] cGt b]lv sl/a !),))) jif{b]lv :j]8]gdf
dfgj cl:tTj /x]sf] ljZjf; ul/g] /x]5 .
dfNdf] k'Ug] a]nf lt/ 6]«g el/o/ cfof] . klxn] cfwfeGbf a9L vfnL lyof] .
o'/f]ksf] 6]«gdf klg cfˆgf] ;fdfgsf] xf]l;of/ ug'{;\, cfkm};Fu /fVg';\ dfly
/fVbf cfkm'n] lgu/fgL ug'{;\ elg eGbf -PgfpG; ubf{_ /x]5g\ .
;a} dfG5] cf–cfˆg} tfndf a;]sf 5g\ . cfwf 306f kl5 xfdL dfNdgfds zx/df
k'Ug] 5f}+ . Tof] :j]8]gsf] t]>f] 7"nf] zx/ xf] /] . k/Gt' ToxfFsf]
hg;+Vof hDdf kfFr nfv dfq 5 . dfNdaf6 8]gdfs{ hfg gofF k'n kf/ ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 .
Tof] k'n :j]8]gdf cfsfzdf / 8]gdfs{df ;d'Gb|d'gL ag]sf] /x]5 . To;af/]df hfgsfl/
lng d}n] Pshgf s]6f;Fu ukm u/]+ .
Pontus
kf]G6; gfd u/]sf] s]6f
sDKo'6/ l;:6d l8enlkª ljifo k9\b} u/]sf] dfG5] . p;n] eGof] :j]8]gaf6 hd{gL
hfg] /]n 7"nf] 8'Ëf -km]/Ldf_ hfG5 /] . hasL xfdL s0ff{nL / sf]lzdf klg
/fd|f] 8'Ëf oftfoft rnfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . kz'kltsf] ofqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/ eg]em}+,
d}n] yf]/} ;dosf] :j]8]gsf] z}lIfs e|d0fnfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug{ 8]gdfs{ uPF .
sf]k]g x]ugdf Ps /ft latfP/
km]l/ ef]ln laxfg} :j]8]g kmls{g] 5'F . /]naf6 8]gdfs{ :j]8]gsf] hldgsf]
b[iofjnf]sg x'b}5 . cTofw'lgs 8]lg; k'n klg kf/ ug]{ 5'F .
@)!#–)*–)%
-8]gdfs{–:j]8]g_
wgLb]z dx+uf] lbzf M sf]k]g x]ugsf] ;]G6«n /]nj] :6]zgdf dnfO{ cln k]6
c;lhnf]
eof] . tLg hgfnfO{ ;f]w]kl5 aNn rlk{ b]lvof] . k/Gt' To;a]nf ;Dd d}n] cfkm';Fu ePsf 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6L ;s]sf] lyPF . d ;Fu hDdf Ps qmf]g/ dfq afFsL /x]5 . clg t kfFr qmf]g/ glt/];Dd -rkL{_ 6\jfOn]6lt/ hfg] 9f]sf v'Ng] ePg . To;kl5 d a}+sdf uP/ :jLl8; qmf]g/af6 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6g nfu]+ . sfpG6/sf] dlxnfn] elgg l;Ssf t cfwf d"Nodf dfq ljS5 . t}klg k]6 t ;kmf ug}{ lyof] . d}n] qmf]g/ af6 qmf]g/ ;fF6] / rlk{hfg] lt/sf] d]lzgdf Kjfn k/]sf] kfFr qmf]g/ xfn] . Ps lan cfof] . s]lx k/ Tof] lan b]vfPkl5 9f]sf v'Nof] . rkL{sf] sfd ;DkGg eof] . Ps qmf]g/sf] !% ?lkofFsf b/n] krxQ/ ?lkofFdf lbzf ug'{ k¥of] .
eof] . tLg hgfnfO{ ;f]w]kl5 aNn rlk{ b]lvof] . k/Gt' To;a]nf ;Dd d}n] cfkm';Fu ePsf 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6L ;s]sf] lyPF . d ;Fu hDdf Ps qmf]g/ dfq afFsL /x]5 . clg t kfFr qmf]g/ glt/];Dd -rkL{_ 6\jfOn]6lt/ hfg] 9f]sf v'Ng] ePg . To;kl5 d a}+sdf uP/ :jLl8; qmf]g/af6 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6g nfu]+ . sfpG6/sf] dlxnfn] elgg l;Ssf t cfwf d"Nodf dfq ljS5 . t}klg k]6 t ;kmf ug}{ lyof] . d}n] qmf]g/ af6 qmf]g/ ;fF6] / rlk{hfg] lt/sf] d]lzgdf Kjfn k/]sf] kfFr qmf]g/ xfn] . Ps lan cfof] . s]lx k/ Tof] lan b]vfPkl5 9f]sf v'Nof] . rkL{sf] sfd ;DkGg eof] . Ps qmf]g/sf] !% ?lkofFsf b/n] krxQ/ ?lkofFdf lbzf ug'{ k¥of] .
Ps 306f hlt klxn] g} /]nj] :6]zg sf]j]gx]ug ;]G6«ndf k'u]kl5 otf ptf
ub}{ ;do laTof] . 7Ls !!M#) ah] :j]8]g hfg] /]n cfOk'Uof] . !! ah]/ #@ ldg]6df
8]gdfs{af6 k|:yfg ;d]t u¥of] . Sofuhasf] ;dosf] Vofn ul/g] /x]5 . 8]gdfs{df
sl/a %))) hgf g]kfnLx? a}w cj}w ul/ a:5g /] . ltgLx? dWo yf]/}n] dfq k|f]km];gn
sfd kfPsf /x]5g\ . oxfF sfd kfpg ufx|f] 5 /] . w]/} sdfpg]nfO{ s/sf] b/ a9g]
ePsf]n] dflg; w]/} sfd gug]{ /x]5g\ . b'O{ 306fb]lv rf/ kfFr 306f dfq sfd u5{g
/] k|foM . gljg Pshgf g]kfnL cfO{6L– OlGhlgo/ /x]5g\ . h;sf] 3/df a;]+ plg
k|f]km];gn sfd ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . OGkm/d]zg k|ljlwsf] sfd . of] sfddf tLg rf/ nfv
k|lt dlxgf k|fKt x'G5 /] . 8]gdfs{df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, :jf:Yo pkrf/, s]6fs]6Lsf]
lzIff ;a} /fd|f] 5 /] . sf]k]g x]ugdf uf8Lsf] d"No / ;fOh cg';f/ dxFuf] s/
k|0ffnL /x]5 . zx/sf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ hnfP/ jf oyf of]Uo g:6 ug]{ k|0ffnL uhasf]
/x]5 . kmf]xf]/ kmfn]kl5 w]/} 7fpFdf c6f]d]l6s d'lgsf] Kjfn af6 Jojl:yt ug]{
s'g} 7fpFdf hfg] /x]5 . u8u8fx6sf] cfjfh ub}{ . sf]k]g x]ugdf jftfj/0f ;kmf,
jfo' k|b'if0f Go"g ePsf] ;fOsn d}qL zx/ /x]5 . s/f]8 klt b]lv /f]8 klt ;Dd
;// ;fOsndf s'bg] /x]5g\ . ;'Gb/Lx? a[4a[4fx? klg lbgel/g} ;fOsn s'bfPs} b]lvP
. :j]8]gkl§ ;d'Gb| dfly / 8]gdfs{ kl§ ;d'Gb| d'lg /]nsf] k'n / 6g]n agfPsf]
/x]5 . ;d'Gb|df ;}of}+sf] ;+Vofdf lj08 ldn klg la5ofOPsf /x]5g\ . em'Nsf]
d'Nsf] 8]gdfs{ sf]k]gx]ugsf] ofqf ;dfKt x'Fb}5 . :j]8]gsf] u|fld0f Onfsfdf
ux'Fkfs]/ kx]nf] ePsf] 5 . of] ux'Fn] dfgj tyf ufO{ j:t' b'j}nfO{ vfgsf]
aGbf]a:t u5{g\ xf]nf . /]ndf ofqf ul/ /x]sL sfnL dlxnf ;Fu b'O{ lsl;dsf] lapsf]
pTkfbg /x]5 . 5f]/f] clk|msg lap clk|msL v]t / 5f]/L rfFlx :jLl8; ljh clk|msg
v]tdf k/]sf] :ki6 b]lvGYof] . :Sof08]g]leofdf /+uLg dflg; agfpg clk|msg /+un]
;lhPsf] b]lvof] .
8]p8f æux'FkfsL kx]nf e}Uof ds}sf ad/Æ cfpb}/o}
3'Db}/g' g]kfnL ed/ .. aemflË 8]p8fsf] no ;lxtsf] uLt ufpg dg nfUof] . cfˆgf]
sfd ug]{ ynL kBsGof SofDk;, 3/, kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ la;]{/ o'/f]lkog /]ndf /dfOnf]
udL{df labf dgfpFbf cjZo cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt e} /x]5 . clxn] x]nl;jf]/ eGg]
:6]zg cfP5 . w]/} ofqL cf]ln{P . hLjg ofqfdo 5, pqg', r9g', Ps lbg laFbf x'g' .
st} ;fgf :6]zg st} hS;g 7"nf :6]zg cfpF5g\ . sltko JolQm Ps zAb klg
gaf]n]/ leq l5b{5g\ / aflx/ lg:sG5g\ . cf–cfˆg} tfnsf dfG5] x'G5g\ . h] ePklg
gaf]n] klg :j]8gsf] ;'Gb/Lx? x]g{nfO{ ;fFRr} /dfOnL ltvf] gfs, ;'gf}nf] ls ;]tf
skfn / k'/} ;]tf] uf]/f] 5fnf / udL{df ()Ü hlt g 9flsPsf] hLp . k/Gt' plgx?
dfgl;s ?kdf Tolt r~rn] rflx 5}gg\ . g]kfndf jiff{ Ct' xf], emd emd kfgL
kl//x]sf] 5 xf]nf . oxfF udL{sf] ljbfsf] df};d /x]5 . ;a} sn]hx? labfd} 5g\,
oxfFsf k|fWofks ljBfyL{ ljbf dgfpg ;d'Gb| lsgf/df klN6g, h+undf ;fOsn rnfpg /
b]z b]zfj/ 3'Dg hfg] /x]5g\ . o'/f]k cd]l/sfdf labf ;fFRr} labfsf] ?kdf cfgGbn]
dgfpg] /x]5g\ .
o'/f]ksf] /]ndf a:bf ef/tLo /]ndf ;'lgg] cfjfh rgf r6k6] dzfn] jfn], u/d
k'/L, 5f]n] e6'/]sf] ld7f] cfjfhsf] ;+emgf eof] . o'/f]kdf cfˆgf] :jfbsf] vfgf
ef/tLo /]i6'/]06df klg gkfOg] /x]5 . :j]8]gdf k|s[lt wgL 5 . ?v lj?jf c;+Vo 5g\
. To;df klg cf]ssf] ?v dxTjk"0f{ dflgg] /x]5 æefO{lsËÆ * b]lv !$ ztfAbL ;Dd
7"nf] cf]ssf] ?v sf6\g /fhfnfO{ dfq clwsf/ 5 eGg] egfO{ /x]5 . cf]ssf]
sf7n] /fd|f] hxfh agfOg] x'Fbf ljZjsf] 7"nf] hxfh To;a]nf :jLl8; /fhfs}
dfq x'GYof] /] . To;}n] k"j{df /l;ofb]lv blIf0f hd{gL, k|mfG;, a]nfotnfO{
klg ;d'Gb|df n'6\g] sfd efO{ls+n] ug]{
/x]5g\ . cfhsf] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf / /fd|f] dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ePsf] b]z ljutdf n'6fxfsf] b]z lyof] .
/x]5g\ . cfhsf] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf / /fd|f] dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ePsf] b]z ljutdf n'6fxfsf] b]z lyof] .
/]n ;–;fgf :6]zgdf klg
/f]lsg] / lj:tf/} hfg] /x]5 . w]/} h;f] ;dodf rf/ l;6 ePsf] 7fpFdf d PSn} lyPF
. slxn] sfFxL dfq cfwf l;6 ;Dd el/g] /x]5g\ . w]/} ;do /]nsf w]/} l;6 vflng}
5g\ . sf]k]g x]u]g b]lv uy]gju{ @!^ + @* = @$$.– hDdf b'O{ ;o rjfln; lsnf]ld6/ /x]5 .
t/ Tof] b"/Ldf /fd|f] kmf:6 6]«g rfFlx 5}g .
cu:t ^ tfl/v uy]gju{af6 b'O{ lbg cl3 :6sxf]d hfg] sfo{qmd eof] . laxfg ^
ah] p7]/ bfFt dfFem] bf/L sf6]F / km]l/ s]lxa]/ kN6]F . oxfF dflg;x? /flt l9nf
;'Tg] /x]5g\ !@–!–@ ah] lt/ . laxfg klg l9n} p7\g] /x]5g\ . ;ft ah] kl5 Psl5g
aflx/ ;8sdf 3'Dg uPF . kms]{kl5 g'xfO{ wf]O{ u/]F lsgsL lxhf] sf]k]gx]ugdf
;fx|} ;fgf] 7fpFdf a;]sf]n] g'xfpg ;lsg . cfh g'xfO{ ;s]kl5 n08«L -jfl;ªd]lzg_
df n'uf xfn] / jfl;ª kfp8/ /fv]+ . Ps 306fdf n'uf w'g] sfd eP5 . km]/L csf]{
d]lzgdf /fv]+ cfwf 306f leq} n'uf ;'Sof] . :qL eg] grNg] /x]5 . To;}n] wf]Psf]
n'uf k6\ofP/ /fv]+ / ;fdfg Kofs ug]{ ljrf/ eof] . d cfPsf] lbg b]lvsf] uf/j]hnfO{
y}nLdf Jojl:yt ul/ uf/j]h /fVg] 7fpFdf uPF . d]6nsf] 7"nf] kfOkaf6 ;j}
tnfaf6 /fv]sf] uf/j]h e'O{ tNnfdf hfg] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 . kmf]xf]/ p7fP/ tn
hfg'gkg]{ cfˆg} tNnfsf] s'gfdf uof] :6Lnsf] 9Ssg vf]Nof] / kf]sf] kf/]sf]
kmf]xf]/ leq xfnL lbof] . Tolts}df e/v/ dflyNnf] tnfdf cfPsf] :k]lg; cg';Gwftf
e]l6of] . p;n] eGof] ef]snfUof] a|]skmf:6 vfg hfG5' . d}n] cfˆgf] ;fdfg Kofs
u/]+ . ;f9] gf}+ ah]lt/ ;'zgsf] kmf]g cfof] d ;f9] bz ah]lt/ xfuf cfO{ k'U5'
eg]/ . plg sf/ lnP/ cfpg] ePkl5 dnfO{ lrGtf ePg . To;}n] sf]7fdf a;]/ of] ;'Gb/
gul/ 5f]8g] lbg s]lx ;+emgf n]Vg a;] .
:6sxf]d :j]8]g
@–$) df k'Ug' kg]{ 6]«g #% ldg]6 l9nf k'Uof] . ToxfF k'Ug] lalQs} s6s
dNnhL t'?Gt} b]lvg' eof] . clg xfdLn] l56f] l56f] uP/ csf]{ nf]sn /]nsf] l6s6
lnof}+ . Tof] l6s6 lnPkl5 l;l6 6]«gdf @ :6]zg k/ dNnhLsf] 3/ uof}+ . ToxfF
k'Ug] ljlQs} kmnkm"n cf?– :6«j]/L rLh, kfp/f]6L / dVvg, slkm vfPF . PSs}
l5g g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] ukm u¥of}+ . afa'/fd, b]pjf, k|r08, k|jf;L g]kfnL,
g]kfnsf] eljio ljleGg ljifodf xfd|f] ljrf/ ljdz{ eof] . dNnhLsf] 5f]/Ln] gd:t]
elgg jxfFn] lrGof} eg]kl5 6fpsf] xNnfOg vfhf vfPkl5 st} 3'Dg hfg] xf]nf eGg]
sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .
s6s dNnhLsf] :6sxf]dsf] 3/df laxfg
^ ah]/ @) ldg]6df lapem]F . cfh jxfFsf 5f]/f 5f]/L aflx/ ;fyL sxfF hfg] ePsf]n]
;fob l5§} p7]/ u} ;s] . d}n] cw{ lgGb|fdf p7]sf] cfjfh ;'g]sf] lyPF . s6shL klg
;fob p7L ;Sg' ePsf] 5 ls Sof xf] . cln vf]s]sf] ;'g]sf] lyPF . jxfF e/v/ cfˆgf]
sf]7faf6 aflx/ lg:sg' eof] . eGg' eof] d]/f 5f]/f5f]/L tkfO{ lxhf] cfPs} 7fpF -hf]ltjl/_
:j]8gsf] af]nfpg] gfd uy]gju{ hfFb}5g\ . ToxfF k'Ubf /]ndf sl/a ^.& 306f
nfU5 . l56f] hfg] /]ndf rf/ 306f nfUg] /x]5 . d klg lxhf] Tolx /]ndf cfPsf]
lyPF . kfFr ;o lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf ;'Gb/ ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 s:tf] /fd|f] .
-hf]ltjl/_ uy]gju{df jxfFsf] :jLl8; ;fyLsf] kl/jf/ 5 /] . plgx? klg g]kfndf
a;]sf x'g\ To;}n] xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s ldqtf 5 . plg g]kfndf 8fS6/sf] ?kdf sfd
u/]sf dfG5] x'g\ To;}n] pgsf] d]/f] kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw /fd|f] 5 . pgsf 5f]/f,
5f]/L / d]/f 5f]/f 5f]/L plgx?;Fu ToxfF 3'Dg uP .
cfh k|ftM * ah]b]lv !!M#) ah] ;Dd :6sxf]d zx/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ s6s
dNnhL ;Fu k}bn 3'd]+ . xfdL gofF :6sxf]daf6 k'/fgf] zx/ sf7df8f}+sf] c;g ls
7d]n h:tf] efudf uof}+ . ToxfF /fhb/af/, ;+;b, d+qfno, cfO{l8ofsf] clkm; klg
x]¥of}+ . :6sxf]d lgs} k'/fgf] zx/ /x]5 tLg, rf/ jif{ k'/fgf 3/x? .
;f7L, ;Q/L xhf/ ljBfyL{
ToxfFaf6 xfdL clxn] :6sxf]d ljZj ljBfnosf] dNnhLsf] clkm; sf]7fdf a;]sf
5f}+ . ljZj ljBfno leqsf] k':ts k;ndf :j]l8; ;+ljwfgsf] c+u|]hLdf n]lvPsf]
k':ts vf]Hbf kfOPg . :j]l8; efiffdf rfFlx /x]5 . xNsf kfgL k/]sf] 5 . 8Dd afbn
nfu]sf] 5, aflx/ cln cln hf8f] 5 sf]7f leq udL{ 5 . cfh ljZjljBfnosf] SoflG6gdf
vfgf vfof}+ () qmf]g/ k¥of] . To; kl5 km]l/ ljZj ljBfno xftf 3'Dg nfUof}+ .
ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] ejg x]¥of}+ . dNnhLn] eGg'eof] oxfF ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] z'Ns
glt/];Dd hfFrdf a:g kfO{b}g . ljZjljBfno !*&* df :yfkgf ePsf] /x]5 .
ljBfyL{ o'lgogdf ;a} kfl6{sf] k|lt:kwf{ x'G5 /] olx g} b]zsf] /fhgLltsf] d"n
åf/ xf] . sfg"g -n_ k9\g] ljBfyL{n] o'lgog z'Ns ;aeGbf al9 ltg'{ k5{ /]
#)) Ps ;]d]:6f/sf] cGon] @%) b]lv dfly . Pp6} sDn]S;df laxfg cf7 ah]b]lv ;fFem
jf /ftL ( ah] ;Dd sIff z'? x'G5
/] . s'n k|fWofkgdf ;+nUg k|fWofks / sd{rfl/ ul/ k"0f{sflng cf+lzs ul/ hDdf %))) ;+Vof /x]5 . ljZjsf] !)) lj=ljBfno dWo Ps :6sxf]d ljZjljBfno ljZjsf] !)) pRr :t/sf ljZjljBfno leq k5{ /] .
/] . s'n k|fWofkgdf ;+nUg k|fWofks / sd{rfl/ ul/ k"0f{sflng cf+lzs ul/ hDdf %))) ;+Vof /x]5 . ljZjsf] !)) lj=ljBfno dWo Ps :6sxf]d ljZjljBfno ljZjsf] !)) pRr :t/sf ljZjljBfno leq k5{ /] .
dfgljsL, sfg"g / lj1fg
;fdflhs lj1fg k9fO{ x'G5 . sl/a &) xhf/ ljBfyL{ k9fO{ x'g] /fhwfgLsf] ljZj
ljBfno ( tNnfsf] ejg eP klg Psflt/ e"ldd} gjf}+ tnf lyof] . ;fob xfd|} lqe"jg
ljZj ljBfnosf] h:tf] cUnf] xf]rf]sf] h:tf] 8f8f]df eP/ xf]nf . :j]8]gdf #)
xhf/af6 ;]gfsf] ;+Vof !%,))) dfq agfpFbf ul0ft, lj1fg, h:tf ljifo hfGg]
;}lgsnfO{ :s'ndf, sn]hdf k9fpg lzIfssf] ?kdf lnP5 . To;}n] plgx? klg l;len hLjgdf
cfpg v'l; eP5g\ . l;~h]g le;f Joj:yf ubf{ l;Gh]g b]zdf 7"nf]
Ao'/f]qm]l;sf] vr{ 36]5 . sf/0f x/]s d'n'sdf s:6ddf nfUg] sd{rf/L cfjZos k/]g .
To;}n] o'/f]df gePklg gj]{ l;Gh]g le;f dfGg] d'n'ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . :j]8]g EU df ePklg
o'/f]df rNg] d'n'sdf kb}{g . oxfF cfˆg} d'b|f rN5 . o'/f]ksf @^ b]z l;Gh]g le;f
rNg] d'n'sdf kg]{/x]5g\ . o'/f]k leq klg cem}F a]nfot, :jL; h:tf d'n'ssf] nflu
cnu le;f lng' k5{ . ;+;f/ ljlrqsf] 5 . k|lj0f s'df/ k|hfklt–kf]v/f, xfn sf]k]g
x]u]g, ;Fu / ls/0f lnDa'– t]x|y'd– :j]8]gdf a:g];Fu, e]6 ukmufkm dNnhLsf] 3/df
vfgf cfP/ xfdL ukm ufkm ub}{ 5f}+ . xfdL rf/ hgf hDdf ePsf 5f}+ . d'lQm e§
8]gdfs{sf] /fhb"tn] cd]l/sfdf kl9 /x]sL 5f]/Lsf] gfddf lk=P=sf] tna a'‰g]
u/]sf 5g\ /] . s] sfo{jfxL ug{ ldN5 ls ldNb}g . 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ :6fkm agfO{
/fVg ldN5 ls ldNb}g . 8]gdfs{df a:g] g]kfnLx? crDddf k/]sf 5g\ /] . s:tf] dlt
e|d ePsf]
xf]nf <
xf]nf <
cfh 3/hfg] lbg ePsf]n] dnfO{ /fd|f] lgGb|f nfu]g . ljxfg % ah] p7]F .
To; kl5 k|ftM lqmof ;dfKt ul/ 8fol/ n]Vg dfq cfF6]sf] lyPF ls s6s dNnhL p7g'
eof] . clg dnfO /flt Ps lsl;dsf] c;lhnf] ePsf] lyof] . d}n] ljrf/ u/]+ d
uy]gju{af6 :6sxf]d cfO;s]F cfh} laxfg ( ah] ToxfFaf6 sf7df8f}+ p8\g] sfo{qmd 5
< :6s xf]ddf xjfO{ hxfhdf hfg lbPg eg] s] ug]{ xf]nf < clg d}n] ;'zgnfO{
P;=Pd=P;= k7fPsf] lyP . t} klg dNnhLsf] ;xfotf dfu]/ l6s6sf] OGSjfol/df :jLl8;
efiffdf s'/f eof] . pQf kl§af6 nfdf] s'/f sfgL kl5 pQ/ cfof] ;Dejg} 5}g . csf]{
l6s6 lng'k5{ . kGb| la; ldg]6 e} ;Sof] dNnhL cg'/f]w ub}{ x'g''x'GYof] . d}n]
jxfFsf] efiff / xfjefj b]v]F 8/nfUof] To; lar 8/fP/ tLg rf/ k6s kfgL lkFP .
3fF6L ;'s]/ cfof], pkfP s]lx klg 5}g eGof] . cs}{ l6s6 lsGg' k5{ /] . s]lx klg
pkfo 5}g eg] kl5 xfdL lrlGtt eof}+ . d}n] dgdg} sNkgf u/]+ slt lbg dNnhLsf]
kfx'gf eOg] eof] . s;l/ l6s6 lsGg] < dNnhLn] klg ;f]Rg' eP5 s] ug]{ k};fsf]
hf]xf] ul/ l6s6 sf6L k7fO{ lbg' knf{ eGg] ljrf/ ug'{ eP5 . slt pQd ljrf/,
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljz]iftf g} ;fdflhs bfloTj xf] . Ps ldqn] of] eGbf slt ;f]Rg] <
clg d}n] uy]gju{ ljZj ljBfnosf] cg';GwftfnfO{ kmf]g u/] / eg] d ;d:ofdf k/]
h:tf] 5' . pxfFn] eGg'eof] tkfO{sf] hLd]n x]g'{;\ / af]l8{ª kf; lk|G6 ug'{;,
;d:of gxf]nf . clg hL d]n vf]n]+ ToxfF af]l8{ª kf; cfP5 . 8f6f s]an vf]h]/
dNnhLn] b'O{ j6f af]l8{ª sf8{ lk|G6 ug'{ eof] . clg d]/f] df]afOndf stf/ Pc/
nfOgaf6 klg P;=Pd=P;= cfof] . tkfOsf] l6s6 sGkmd{ eof] . b'O{ 306f cl3 cf/Nof08
6ld{gn hfg';\ . ef}tfl/Psf] dg 9'Ss eof] . afFsL /x]sf] slkm dHhf;Fu vfPF .
To;kl5 8fo/L n]Vg a;]F .
dNnhL cg nfOg g]kfnL Go"h ;'Gg yfNg' eof] . xtf;, laTof;, va/bf/,
xf]l;of/sf] dfgl;stfdf dnd kl§ nfUof] . clxn] cf7 ah]/ kRrL; ldg]6 eof] . cfh
afbn nfu]sf] 5 . :6sxf]ddf cu:tdf ;dlztf]i0f xfjf kfgL 5 . xfdLn] :6«j]/L /
ltgd0ff -r'y|f]_ h:tf] kmn ldnfP/ a|]skmf:6df bxL clg gf}lg oxfFsf] t}of/L
/f]6L vfof}+ . clxn] dNnhL g'xfpg afy?ddf hfg'ePsf] 5 . s]lx a]/df vfgf vfO{ jxfFn]
dnfO{ ;]G6«n :6]zg / Pc/kf]6{ hfg] 7fpF ;Dd ;fob ;a j]df 5f]8\g hfg' x'g]5 . cl:t
b]lv cfh;Ddsf] k"/f ;do jxfFn] dnfO{ lbg' eof] . vfgf agfpg], 3'dfpg] /
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] lrGtf ug]{df laTof] . bz alh ;Sof] . ca Ps l5gdf n~rvfP/
xfdLx? /]naf6 k|:yfg ug]{5f}+ . o'/f]k ofqfsf] ;+lIfKt Oltj[QfGt olx /f]Sb}
;dosf] k|ltIffdf 5'F . dNnhLn] / d}n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLltnfO{ Ps /fi6«Lo ;f]rdf
cl3 a9fpg k'/fgf] / gofF ;Qfsf tLg kIfnfO{ ;Fu} /fVg sf]lzif ug'{ k5{ eGof}+ .
wgk|;fb kl08t
:6sxf]d
:j]8]g, @)!# cu:t *
cGtdf Ps ah] lt/ :6sxf]dsf] cf/nf08 Pc/kf]6{ k'u]F . ;fdfg r]s hfFr ul/
kf;kf]6{ ;d]t hfFr]kl5 u]6 gDa/ ^^ glhs uP/ a;]F . stf/ Pc/j]haf6 cf–cfˆgf] b]z
hfg y'k}| dflg; cfPsf 5g\ . clk|msL d'n'ssf, ef/tsL Pshgf x}b/fafbsf] dlxnf
/lxl5g\ . oxfFaf6 stf/ / stf/af6 Go"lbNnL, ToxfFaf6 x}b/fafb hfg] sfo{qmd
5 /] . Ps xKtfdf clkm;sf] sfdn] :j]8]g, gj]{, cf]:nf]df 3'd3fd / sfd ubf{ ysfO{
nfUof] /] . cfh aNn df};d kSsf o'/f]ksf] h:tf] eof] . l;dl;d] kfgL kl//x]5 .
cfsfz afbnn] 6Dd 9flsPsf] 5 . ;"o{ gf/fo0fsf] bz{g klg kfOPsf] 5}g . xjfO{
hxfhdf ;fdfg /flv ;s] t/ ofqL af]nfosf] 5}g . ;a} hgf k|ltIffsf] 3l8df 5g\ .
s'g a]nf af]nfpnf / xfdL Kn]g leq k|j]z u/f}+nf eg]/ d]/f] cuf8L b'O{ hgf sfnL
dlxnf l5g ltgLx? d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] x'g' k5{ . a'sf{ 5}g k/Gt' ;nn] cfˆgf] cg'xf/
jl/kl/ 9fs]sL 5g\ . s]lx afnaflnsf 5g\ . k]G;Ln s6/n] tf5b} s]lx n]Vb} 5g\ .
sltko n§ ks]sf 5g\ . lgGb|f nfUg cfF6] h:tf jftfj/0f rfFlx em'/ cN5L nfUbf]
ePsf] 5 . o'/f]ksf] w]/} h;f] ;do o:t} x'G5 /] clg t 3fd nfUof] eg] o'/f]lkogx?
v'l;ofnL dgfpF5g\ . cfˆgf] ;fx|} ;]tf] uf]/f] /+unfO{ clns v}/f] agfpg ;d'Gb|
lsgf/sf] afn'jfdf 9lndln u5{g\ / ;gjfy u5{g\ .
% 306f !) ldg]6 bf]xf;Dd
kf}g] rf/ ah] aNn xjfO{ hxfh leq a:of}+ . x]/f}+ l7s ;dodf xjfO{hxfh
p8\5 ls p8\b}g . ;Fu} Ps aflnsf cfˆgf] df]afOndf g]6 rnfpFb} jf s]lx u]d
v]Nb}l5g . of] xjfOhxfhdf Ps nfOgdf gf} l;6 /x]5g\ . hDdf #^ nfOg 5g\ #^ X ( = #@$ hgf
Jofkfl/s Snf;sf] cnu l;6 ubf{ sl/a #%) hgf hlt k]z]Gh/ / qm' l6d af]Sg] /x]5 .
:6sxf]daf6 stf/ cfpg] xjfO{ hxfh k"j{ ;f]leot o'lgog, h:t} a]nf?if,
o'qm]gsf] lsd eP/ cfpg] /x]5 . clxn] Ps 7"nf] zx/ b]lvof] ;fob olxg}
o'qm]gsf] /fhwfgL lse xf]nf . gS;fdf xjfO{ hxfh klg lse dfly p8L /x]5 .
k"jL{ o'/f]k klg ;Dd k/]sf] e" efu /x]5 . of] Kn]gdf @ hgf sf]l/og
Pc/ xf]:6]; /x]5g\ . d}n] cGofª3f;]of] eGbf xfp 8' o' gf] sf]l/og eg] . Ps hgf
;pnsL csL{ a';fg ls /lxl5g\ . o'/f]ksf] ljz]iftf eGg' g} ;Dd k/]sf] hldg lgs}
jgIf]q xl/ofnL / v]ltkftL ug]{ 7fpF . ;fob xfd|f] xjfO{ hxfh lse s6]/ blIf0flt/
nfUb}5 . oxfFaf6 aubfb O/fs dflyaf6 aNn bf]xf k'Ug] 5 . bf]xf / b'aO{ b'j} c/a
vf8Lsf] b'O{ lsgf/df cjl:yt zx/ /x]5g\ .
clxn] xfdL 6sL{, o'qm]g / ?; larsf] vf8L dfly p8b} 5f}+ . o;sf] kfl/kl§
7"nf] al:t 5 . b'O{ 306f ;Dd t xfd|f] hxfhn] uha;Fu tndfly u/]/ afbnsf]
ljrdf / dfly hfg] sfd u/]sf] lyof] . clxn] 6ls{ dfly p8\b} 5f}+ . 6sL{sf] pQ/df
7"nf] vf8L /x]5 . Kn]gdf w]/} l;6 vfnL /x]5 . stf/ Pc/j]hdf sf7df8f}+
uy]gju{ slt l6s6 nfU5 dnfO{ yfxf 5}g sf7df8f}+ uP/ kQf nufpg sf]lzif ug]{ xf] .
;fob *.()) ;o 8n/ nfUof] xf]nf ls < xfdL r9]sf] xjfO{hxfh $!,))) lkm6 dfly
af6 p8]sf] 5 . o;sf] u|fp08 :kL8 !)@& lsnf] ld6/ k|lt 306f 5 .
cN6LRo"8 $!,))) ld6/ sl/a %))) lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf /x]5 :6sxf]d b]lv
bf]xf;Ddsf] b"/L . clxn] c+sf/fsf] k"j{ / afs'sf] klZrd eP/ hfFb}5
Kn]g . :6sxf]d– $%*% lsnf]ld6/ bf]xf sf7df8f}+ ##^* lsnf]ld6/ ##^* + $#!^ + @))) = ()))
t]n kfpg' cl3 bf]xf stf/sf] hg;+Vof hDdf @%,))) hlt lyof] / ^) jif{ cl3 clxn]
!( nfv hg;+Vof e} ;Sof] /] . klxn] e]8f / pF6 ;Fusf] 3'dGt] hLjg latfpg]x? xfn
r/d wgsf] jiff{df 5g\ . clxn] aubfb b]lvb}5, O/fs guPklg cfsfz dfu{ af6 O/fs
kf/ ul/b}5 . Ps}l5g kl5 xfdL r9]sf] xjfO{ hxfh stf/ k'Ug] 5 .
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