oxfF k|;Fu p7fPsf]
ljifo xf] xjfO{ ofqf k'lu ;l/ cfpgsf] ofqf xf] . t/ cfh ef]ln sfdsf] nflu ahf/
;a}sf] nflu v'nf ePsf]n] >d ug{ >ldssf] ?kdf klg xjfO{ dfu{ k|l;4 ePsf] 5
. sf7df8f}+af6 b'jOsf] Ps tkmL{ xjfO{ ef8f @& xhf/ ?lkof /x]5 . sf7df8f}+
b'jO{sf] ofqf $ 306f nfU5 h:tf] 5 . d]/f] ofqf Go"of]s{ ;Ddsf] xf] .
b'jO|{ b]lv hlh{of eP/ Go"of]s{ ;Ddsf] xf] . b'jO{ b]lv hlh{of P6nfG6f ;Dd
!^ 306fsf] ofqf 5 . ToxfFaf6 k'gM Go"of]s{ k'Ug em08} @ 306fsf] ofqf 5 . @$
306fsf] p8fgsf] b'O{ tkmL{ ef8f ?= &*,))).– c7xQ/ xhf/ ?lkofF k¥of] . s/La
*)) 8n/ . d]/f] o'/f]k ofqf !(*( df ^^) 8n/ df n'km\tf;faf6 sf7df8f}
k|mfGskmf]6{ h'l/r cfpg] hfg] l6s6 lyof] d}n] ofqf u/]sf] ;:tf] xjfO{ l6s6 . o;
kfln olt ;:tf] xjfO{ l6s6 kfpFbf dnfO{ crDd g} nfUof] . cfkm}n] cf6] cd]l/sfsf]
ofqf ug{, ofqfsf] sf/0f lyof] …d]g P08 d]:s'lnlgl6Ú ;Dd]ng . cd]l/sfsf]
Go"of]s{ zx/df cjl:yt ?hj]N6 xf]6n $% l:6«6df of] ;Dd]ng dfr{ % b]lv * ;Dd
klxnf] k6s cfof]hgf eof] . o:tf ;Dd]ngx? 1fg cfbfg k|;fb ug]{, k/]/ l;Sg],
ljZjsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lng] cj;/ x'G5g\ . kfFr ah] sf7df8f}+af6 p8\g' kg]{
km\nfO{ b'aO{ aNn %M#* df /gj]df s'b\g yfNof] .
p8fg e/] kl5 d}n]
s]lx j]/ cf/fd u/] . Ps 306f kl5 cfFvf vf]Nbf abfd, lrof, slkm lnP/ b'O{ hgf
sGof cfO{ k'lug . sltkon] slkm vfP, d}n] s]lx klg vfOg, xjfO{ hxfh cln cln
xNnfpFb} lyof] . of] ;:tf] xjfO{ ofqfdf vfg] ;'ljwfsf] k};f ltg'{ kg]{ Joj:yf
/x]5 . b'O{ hgf d]l/Nof08 cd]l/sfaf6 cfPsf hf]8L xfd||f] Pc/ kf]6{df e]6]sf]
lyP . plgx? eGb} lyP ckm l;hg ePsf]n] xfdLn] ;:tf] l6s6 ()) 8n/df lsg]/ g]kfn
3'Dg cfPsf xf}+ .
sf7df8f}+af6 k"j{ jf klZrd
hfg] j;df yfgsf]6 glhs jf sn+sL b]lv lqe'jg kfs{ ;Dd jfu]{lgª u/]/ a; ef8f 36fP
h:t} . olt nfdf] b'l/df klg uha ;Fu ofqf ug{ ;:tf] ?6 lng ;lsg] /x]5 .
clxn] g]kfnL
;dofg';f/ ;fFemsf] ;ft ah]/ @) ldg]6 eof] . xfdL s'g} ;fgf] zx/ dfly pl8 /x]sf
5f}+ . d ;Fu b'O{hgf efO{x? a:g' ePsf] 5 . Ps hgfsf] 3/ kj{t /x]5 . ;GbLk 7s'/L
j}b]lzs /f]huf/s} lznlznfdf stf/ hfg ;:tf] xjfO{ dfu{ km\nfO{ b'jO{sf] l6s6
lnP/ sDkgLn] k7fP5 . k[lYjgf/fo0f SofDk;df laP bf]>f] jif{ k9\bf k9\b}
5f]8]/ @ nfv ? k}of Dofg kfj/ sDkgLnfO{ lt/]/ plg sfd ug{ hfFb}5g\ . s/La kfFr
dlxgf sfd u/]sf] sdfOn] sfd u/]sf] d]x]gtn] d]/f] oxfF cfPsf] C0f dfq ltg{
k'Ug]5 . slxn] sdfpg] yfxf 5|}g, sf]l/og efiff k/LIff kf; ug{ ;lsPg . eG5g\ .
csf]{ ;'v axfb'/ u'?ª, !$ dlxgf sfd u/]/ ljbfdf 3/ cfPsf /x]5g\ . clxn] k'gM
sfddf kms{b} 5g\ . gjnk/fl; lqj]0fLdf a:g] u'?ª efO{ nfO{ sfd k|lt ;Gt'li6 g} 5
/] . s] ug]{ b]zdf sfd gkfPkl5 ljb]lzg' xfd|f] jfWotf xf] oxL g} gl;a xf] .
d]/f] 38Ldf !)
alh;Sof] cem} xjfO{ hxfhn] cjt/0f ul/ ;s]sf] 5}g, x]/f} slt 306f nfUg] /x]5 .
p8fg el/ sl/a Ps
306f t x'/L 5 eg]/ jlDkª ub}{ em08} jfGtf xf]nf h:tf] ePsf] lyof] . t/ kl5
;fdfGo cj:yfdf km\nfO b'jOn] cfkm\gf] uGtJo kf/ ub}{ 5 . o;f] cl3 kl5 a:g]
sfdbf/sf] ukm ;'Gof] l;of, ;'GgL, axfO{ wd{sf s'/f wd{sf] sxfF k|efj eof] <
dSsf dlbgfsf jf/]sf ukm, cfkm"n] sfd ug]{ sDkgLsf] s'/f hxfF h] ;+ut eof]
ToxL g x'g] xf] . () Ü hlt j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]x?sf] pkl:yltn] g]kfnsf]
ljhf]u b]vfpF5 . lxGb' /fi6«sf lxGb' / a'l4i6 sfdbf/sf O:nfdsf ukm . Kn]gdf n'uf,
dfhf / Hofg uGxfpg] ePsf]n] @, # k6s s]lx ;'jf;o'St ;]G6 5l/of] ;fob df]hf,
h'Qf, ;lxt w]/} lsl;dsf] uGw cfpg] ePkl5 s]lx g s]lx t ug}{ kof]{ . clxn] sltko
;'Tb} 5g\ . slt ukm ub}{ 5g\ . ;jf bzjlh ;Sbf klg uGtJo cfPsf] 5}g . xjfO{ hxfh
!)) k|ltzt el/Psf] 5 . ;fob ah]6 Pc/ nfOgsf] olxg} Ps ljz]iftf xf]nf #@ j6f
nfOgdf !*) hgf ofqL bfof jfofF u/]/ :6fkm ;lxt sl/a @)) hgf dfG5] jf]s]sf] 5
ˆnfO b'aO{n] .
g]kfnaf6 p8fg
e/]sf] klg clxn] @$ 306f k'/f e};Sof] . 8]N6f Pc/sf] em\ofnaf6 lrofpFbf yfxf
kfpF jflx/ cfO; hd]sf] /x]5 . clg t jflx/L tfkqmd %( l8lu| n]lvPsf] lyof] .
;d'Gb|dfly hfFbf xjfO{ hxfhsf] prfO{ !!,!@ xhf/ lkm6dfly x'g] /x]5 . ljxfgsf]
vfhf vf|O{ ;s] kl5 !%, 306f %) ldg]6sf] ;do ePsf] p8fg yk b'O{ 306f l9nf] k'Ug]
eof] eg]/ b'jO{ jf6} elgPsf] lyof] . ;a}lt/sf] hf]8\bf s/La #)) 8n/sf] vfgf,
vfhf, lrof slkm h'; vfP kl5 xjfO{ l6s6 slt kof]{ kf7sn] lx;fa ug'{;\ <
Kochurani - Kerala (1954)
dlxnf e]l6log
pgsf] gfd sf] r'/fgL /x]5 . pgL lxGbL, c+u|]hL s]xL a'l‰bgg\ 5f]/L e]6\g
cd]l/sf hfFb} b'aOaf6 P6nfG6fsf] ofqfdf Ps blIf0f ef/tLo .
tLg 5f]/LsL cfdf
Ps 5f]/L P6nfG6f, csf]{ dWo k"j{, Ps cfkm} ;Fu s]/nfdf 5g\ /] .
clxn] cd]l/sfdf
ljxfg ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+df ;fFem x'g} nfUof] . d}n] cfkm\gf] 38Lsf] ;do
ldnfPsf] 5}g To;}n] g]kfnL ;dofg';f/ kmfu'g @) ut] ;fFemsf] ^ ah]/ !% ldg]6
eof] . oxfF P6nfG6fdf ljxfgsf] sltaHof] yfxf 5}g . cd]l/sf lgs} 7"nf]
d'n's xf] . To;}n] s'g} 7fpFdf ± @), csf]{ 7fpFdf – #) tfkqmd x'g] /x]5 .
P6nfG6fdf clxn] ±!# l8lu| 5 /] .
sf7df8f}+ b'jO %
306f / b'jO{ b]lv P6nfG6f !&M#) 306f ;f9] jfO; 306fsf] p8fg k'/f ug}{
nfUof}+ .
l5§} xjfO{ hxfh
ljdfg :yndf cjt/0f ub}{ 5 . cFem} d]/f] uGtJo cfO{ ;s]sf] 5}g, csf]{ p8fgaf6
Go"of]s{ hfg' kg]{5 .
7 - 40 AM Arrival at
airport
cd]l/sfdf k|ftM
;ft ah]/ $) ldg]6df ljdfg cjt/0f u¥of] . Pc/kf]6{af6 a:g] 7fpF hfg 6\SofS;L lnP
. bnlj/ l;+ 8«fOe/ cd[t;/ k+hfj, hf] lzIfs x'g\ ltgn] elQm ug'{ h?/L 5}g, d]xgt
;fy k9fpg' g} pgsf] elQm xf] . d}n] ljZjdf ef/tLo k|lt gkm/t b]v]sf] 5' .
IT n] ef/tsf] OHht
dfly p7fof] . pgsf] Taxi 4E 22 gDa/ sf] xf] . hLjgsf] ef]ufO{sf] oyfy{ rl/q lrq0f
u/]/ 6\ofS;Lsf] jf6f] kf/ u/] . clxn] ljxfgsf] $.% aHof] xf]nf g]kfndf . dfr{ %
df d aNn ljgf]b /f]Ssf hL sf] 3/df k'u] . ;du|df lxdfnosf] d'n'saf6 lxdkft e}
/x]sf] d'n'sdf k'Ubf /dfOnf] g} nfUof] . t/ lxpFsf] nflu d]/f] h'Qf cg's"n
lyPg .
;fFRr} eg' eg]
cd]l/sf ljsfzs} sf/0f dfq} cl3 a9]sf] /x]5 . k|s[ltn] t s7oflª\u|g] hf8f]df
w]/} d]xgt u/]/ cfh d]g P08 d]:s'lnlgl6 ;Dd]ngsf] nflu * ah] ?h e]|N6 xf]6n
k'u]+ . u|fG8 ;]G6«naf6 aNn aNn lxpFn] lrKnf] ePsf] af6f] kf/ ub}{ $% l:6«6 d]l8;g
Pe]Go'sf] xf]6ndf k'u]kl5 yfxf eof] ls cfh t k"j{ ;Dd]ngsf] t}of/L sfo{qmd
5 /] k'/f sGkm/]G; t /ftL & ah] dfq ;'? x'g] /x]5 . clg jflx/ ulNndf uP/
vfhf / slkm vfPF . To; kl5 xf]6nleq} a;]/ lbg latfPF, aflx/ ;fx|} hf8f] lyof] .
k"j{ ;Dd]ngdf
dfOsn lsd]nn] eg] h;h;n] cfly{s d2t ug{ ;S5g\ . xfdL e/;s x/]s jif{ o:tf]
;Dd]ng ug]{ 5f}+ . a|]s y|' sf k|ltlglwnfO{ kl/ro u/fpF5' . b'O{ bzs b]lv
xfdLn] of}g wGbfsf] nflu dfgj j]rljvg lj?4 cleofg rnfof} . xfdLn] To;df lgs}
d2t u/]sf 5f}+ . dlxnf lx+;f lj?4 Pstf / ;lqmotf xfd|f] ;'?jflt cleofg /Xof] .
xfdLn] y'k|}
k'g:yfkgf s]Gb| :yfkgf u¥of}+ . @) jif]{ cleofgdf of] xfd|f] 7"n} ;lqmotf
lyof] . cd]l/sL /fhb"tn] elgg\– sfg"g kl/jt{g ug{ cfjfh p7fof}, ;dfh
kl/jt{g eof] . k':tf, k':tfdf kl/jt{g eof] . bf]>f] k':tfdf k'u'~h]n …SjLg
Og b kfn{/, xlg P08 j]8Ú h:tf sljtf uLt ufpg] xfd|f] ;dfh lyof] . dlxnfnfO{
x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g eof] . clxn] d /fhb"t 5' . ^)) hgf :6fkmnfO{
d}n] cg'udg ug'{k5{ . dfOsn lsd]n h:tfsf] ;dfh kl/jt{gdf dxTjk"0f{
e"ldsf x'g]5 .
of}gsfo{sf] nflu
dlxnf lsgj]r ljZj Joflk ;d:of xf] . u/LaL 5 ;d|:of 5, s] ug]{ eGg] tkm{ klg
ul/G5 . !* jif{sf] pd]/df Ps dlxnfnfO{ xhf/f} k6s of}g lqmofsnfk u/]/ of}g
lx+;f x'G5 . To:tf k'?ifn] s]l6nfO{ jf of}g wGbfdf nfu]sf :jf:gL dflg;nfO{
k|of]u u5{g . To:tf dWo] k'?if / bz hgf of}g sfo{df nufOPsf dlxnf jf s]l6sf]
oyfy{ hfGg ;lsG5 . sltko a]nfdf of] Joj:yfkgsf] ;d:of xf] . z'Go ;xgzLntfsf]
k|Zg cfpF5 a|]sy|'n] s] sfd ub}{5 <
ldl8of, k|ljlwsf]
k|of]u dlxnf d}lq agfpg] xf] . /fhgLlts g]tf ;+u7gsf k|d'v ;Fu sfd ug'{ k5{ .
k'?ifn] s;/L h]08/ :6«6Lh dfkm{t sfd ug{ ;S5 . k|Zg p7fpg], ;fy lbg] / gofF
lsl;dsf k'?ifTjsf gd'gf;lxt l;g]df lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . gd"gf k'?ifnfO{
xfd|f] ;dfhsf] cuf8L pEofpg' k5{ .
ultzLn eO{ sfd ug{
;Sg] JolQmnfO{ t}of/ kfg'{ k5{ . k/Dk/fut gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ng eGbf s]lx km/s
lsl;dn] k'?ifsf] ;xeflutf cfjZos x'G5 . ;dfwfgsf] pkfo vf]Hg ;do / sfg"g,
;dfhsf] pko'St k|of]u ug'{k5{ .
dlxnflx+;f lj?4
ljZjJofkL cfjfh a'nGb ug'{ k5{ . ljZjJofkL ?kdf ;dfg cfjfh cfj:os 5 . lx+;f ;Xo
5|}g, Ps s/]f8sf] cfjfh jg ldlnog /fOlhª sfo{qmd blIf0f Plzof / clk|msf, blIf0f
cd]l/sfdf klg ;dfg cfjfhsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] ;'?jft blIf0f PlzofnL
k'?ifx?n] ;'? u/]sf lyP . xfn ljZjsf cGo If]qsf s]6f / k'?ifn] klg l/ª b j]n /
an ldlnog /fOlhªnfO{ cg's/0f ub}{5g\ .
jGw'Tjsf] ;DaGwdf
Demand Abolition
ljZjJofkL ?kdf
ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fn] oxL tYofÍ ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . !% ldlnog JolQmn] ljZjsf !% Ü
k'?ifn] of}g lsGb5 . cd]l/sfn] hDdf u/]sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ of] jf:tljstf xf] .
w]/}h;f] @! jif{sf] pd]/df kfP ;Dd cfkm\g} ;fly nfO{ lsg]/ of}g lqmof ug{
rfxG5g\ . Jofkf/df le=l8= of], lgnf] l;g]df klg csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ If]q xf] .
An'lkmNdsf] ahf/ lgs} 7"nf] 5 . OG6/g]6df of}g lqmofsnfkn] ^) b]lv *)
k|lzt ahf/ lnPsf] 5 .
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of}g sfo{ xf]6n ls
kfn{/df uP/ sfd ul/G5 . of}g vl/b stf{n] ljleGg lsl;dn] sfd u5{g . lhDd]jf/L
ljgfsf] of}g lqm8fsf] nflu lsGg] sfd x'G5 .
s]6L ;fyL xf] eGg]
ljZjf; lbnfpg klg of}g qmo ljqmo x'G5 . cfgGb sf] nflu axfb'/ x'gsf] nflu klg
o;f] u5{g s]6fx? .
k};f glt/] ;Dd
ljZjf; lbnfpg ;lsGg . of}g vl/baf6 k'?ifnfO{ s] kmfObf x'G5 < ;]gfn] w]/}
h;f] of}g lqmofsnfk lsg]/ ug]{ ub{5g\ .
a|]s y|' gfds ;+:yfn] d]g P08
d]:s'lnlg6L ;Dd]ngsf] pb\3f6gdf ef/tdf w]/} hgf ;Fu sfd ub}{5 . of] ef/tsf s]lx
ufpFdf sfo{/t /x]sf] 5 .
Go"of]s{
l;=l6sf] d]o/ klg cfPsf lyP . Go"of]s{ l;l6sf] d]o/n] eGof] d]/f 5f]/L /
5f]/f b'j}n] ;dfg sfd ug]{ 5g\ . l;l6 sfpG;n sfpG;'n/ of}g lx+;f lj?4 sfd ub}{ 5
. u]/L jfs/ k|d'08f]sf] k|d'v / co chair ;x cWoIf MEA Unf]ann] klg
af]n]sf lyP .
-^ dfr{_ @)!% sf
lbg k|yd Kn]g/L ?he]N6 xf]6nsf] tNnfdf cjl:yt xndf ljxfg * ah] b]lv ( ah] ;Dd
;DkGg eof] . gf/LjfbL cfGbf]ngaf6 s]6fx? efUg] u/]sf]n] k'?if / s]6f ;Fu sfd
ug'{ k/]sf] xf] . eGg] cleJolQm w]/} jQmfsf] cfof] . dfgj ;du|df k|tfl8t 5g\ . df}sf
kfpg] JolQmn] sdhf]/ JolQmnfO{ kf]if0f bdg plTk8g u/]s} x'G5 o;df lnËsf] dfq}
e"ldsf x'Fb}g . xfdLn] of] ljifonfO{ dWo gh/ u/]/ ;dfhdf sfd u¥of} eg]
kSs|} sfd ;sf/fTds x'g ;S5 .
d]/f] ljrf/ k'/}
km/s 5 . ljrf/sf] pTklQ ljsfz, ;fdflhsL sf/0f, /fhg}lts k|lta4tf / lg0f{on]
dfgjLotfnfO{ c;/ u5{ .
u]/L jfs/ ;+:yfsf
k|d'vn] eg]– zlQm hlxn] klg s]Gb|df x'G5 . lkt[;Qf zlQmsf] k|tLs dflgG5 .
k'?ifnfO{ lsg ;+n|Ug u/fpg] eGg] ljifo xfd|f] ;+nUgtf, ;f]r, ljrf/sf] 3f]ts xf]
. Pp6} kIfn] slxn] klg sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . ;a} kIfn] s]lx g s]lx e'ldsf v]Nbf
;sf/fTds kl/jt{g ;+ej 5 .
kl5 k/]sf dfgj /
dlxnfsf] jf/]df rrf{ ubf{ xfdLn] ;dtf d'n's ;dfhsf] ;[hgf lt/ Wofg lbof}+ .
o'/f]lkog o'lgogdf k'?ifx?sf] jfnjRrf
nfng kfngdf e'ldsf a9\bf] 5 . Oo"n] To; tkm{ cWoog cg';Gwfg / lqmof lzntf
ug{ nufpF5 . xfnsf jif{df cfP/ gf]s/L kfpg]df k'?ifsf] ;+Vof 36\of] . dlxnfn] k"/f
sfd kfpg yfn] . k'?ifn] dfq sfd ug]{ alnof] sfd ug]{ 7fpFdf /f]jf]6 k|of]u x'g
yfn] . sf/0f k'?ifn] nfng kfngsf] sfd ug{ cfj:ostf / jfWotf b'j} x'g yfNof] .
Ps xKtfsf] sfd ug]{ 306fsf] sf/0fn] klg n}lÍs ;dfgtf lt/ pGd'v u/fof] .
dha'/L ug]{ k'?if
w]/} 306f sfd ug{ rfxG5g\ clkm;, ;fyL jflx/L b'lgof;Fu Jojxf/ ug{ rfxG5g\ . sfd
gkfpg] ;fdflhs sfo{df o'/f]ksf sltko d'n'sdf k'?if al9 ;do vr{ ug]{ sf/0f klg
b]vefn x]/ ljrf/ ug]{ sfddf nfU5g\ .
Dr. Michael Flood
mflood@uow.edu.all
xfdL k'?if 3/sf] sfd
u5f}{ eg] ;dfhn] /fd||f] cfFvfn] x]b}{g . h;/L dlxnfnfO{ klxn] g/fd|f] cfFvfn]
x]g{ yfn]sf] lyof] . k'?ifsf] 3/fo;L sfdsf] xft j6fpg] sfo{sf] nflu gf/LjfbL
cfGbf]ngsf] e"ldsf klg eGg ;lsG5 . k'?ifnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fdf leGgtf
cfpg' h?/L 5 .
pd]/, :yfg cg';f/
dflg;sf] lgGb|fdf km/s kbf]{ xf] . cfh & tfl/v e};Sof] t} klg 7Ls ;dodf
lgbfpg] 7Ls ;dodf p7\g] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfh Go" hl;{ cd]l/sfsf] ;a} eGbf
al9 hg30fTj ePsf] /fHodf a;]sf] 5' . al9 hgwgTj eg] klg Ps 3/ / csf]{ /sf] b'/L
lgs} 6f9f 5 . dflg; Psfls hLjg hLpg l;Sg cd]l/sf ;jf]|{Qd d'n's xf] h:tf]
nfUof] dnfO{ .
x]df hf]zLn]
j}jflxs ;DaGwdf jfFlwP/ oxfF gcfPsf] eP d of] 3/ vf]Hb} cfpFlbg y] . ;+o'Qm
/fHo cd]l/sfdf cfO{ JxfO6 sn/ hj ub}{ cfln;fg cd]l/sL hLjg hLpg] y'k|} g]kfnL
5g\ . To;}sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]sf] nfUof] x]dfsf] kl/jf/ . jxfFsf] >Ldfg
OlGhgLo/ x'g\ . DofgXof6gsf] Jo:t 7fpFdf pgsf] clkm; 5 .
b'j} hgf clkm;df
sfd ub{5g\ . ;Fu ;Fu} @ hgf 5f]/fx?sf] nfng kfng klg u5{g . Tof] ;lhnf] sfd
rflx xf]Og . ljxfg >Ldfgn] b'j} 5f]/fnfO{ Vjfpg] t}of/ agfpg] / :s"n
k'¥of|O{ clkm; hfg] . ;fFem x]df l56f] 3/ cfpg] / vfgkfg afnjRrfsf] x]/ljrf/
ug'{ plQs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ sfd xf] . g]kfndf ePsf] eP olQsf] cfly{s ;DkGg
kl/jf/n] ;s] @ hgf geP Ps hgf sfddf ;3fpg] dfG5] /fVy] . cd]l/sL k"hLjfbL
;dfhdf of] ;fDojfbL Jojxf/n] dflg;nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfd / lhDd]jf/L k|lt cfkm}
nfUg, lhDd]jf/Laf6 gefUg k|]/0ff lbg] /x]5 . cfˆgf] sfd cfkm} u/, cfkm} sdfpm
cfkm}+ vfpm cd]l/sL ;+:s[lt h:tf] nfUof] .
sf7df8f}+sf]
cfly{s s7LgfO{df klg d}n] sfd vf]Hb} ub}{} ubf{ d]/f] >LdtLn] k"0f{ ;do
afnaRrf / 3/ kl/jf/sf] b]vefn u/]sf] oyfy{ xf] . a'jf cfdfn] u/]sf]
OdfGbf/Ltfsf] sdf|O{n] x]dfsf] hLjgdf lgs} kl/jt{g u/]sf] d}n] dx;'; u/] . b'O{
hgf @ sf/, @ hfuL/ @ aRrf lxdfndf em} lxpFn] 9kSs 9fs]sf] ;'Gb/ jftfg's'lnt 3/
.
olt ug{ ;do, rfxgf, nugzLntf ;a}
cfjZos k¥of] xf]nf . ;fFRr} s]lx ef/tLox?n] vt/f df]n]/ ;'?sf jif{ cd]l/sf
gcfPsf] eP blIf0f Plzofsf] dxTjk"0f{ pkl:ylt x'Fb}gYof] . To;f] gePsf] eP
ut jif{ df]bLsf] Go"of]s{sf] :6]l8oddf eo+s/ uh{g ;Dej lyPg . s]xL cu'jfn]
ef]u]sf] b'Mvaf6 kl5 cfpg]x? ;'ljwf ef]Ug ;S5g\ .
clxn] x]dfsf] 3/df
3fd nflu ;Sof] . jflx/ gf+uf ?v jfx]s s]lx kft ePsf ?vdf klg n6/Dd lxpF kmn]sf]
5 . 3/x? ;]tfDo 5g\, 3/ leq Gofgf] 5 jflx/ rsf]{ hf8f] 5 . lj1fg / k|ljlwn]
b]zsf] pTyfg u/]sf] 5 . x'g] / gx'g] ljrsf] b'/L ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5 oxfF .
em't]8f k'Vof}{ln ynf] ePklg j}unf]/sf] hGd :s"lnª, sf7df8f}+sf] 5f]6f]
a;fO{ / cd]l/sL hLjg olx g} oyfy{ xf] . k|ultsf] nflu kl/jf/, kl/hg, 7fpF ;a}
5f]8\g klg t}of/ x'g' k5{ . oxL eP/ ljjfx ul/ x]dfn] uf]/vf d"n 3/ ePsf
d/x7\7fhL;Fu oxfF la:g] lgwf] ul/g\ .
ljZjdf 3'dGt]sf]
hLjg k|ultkydf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 3'dGt] ePs} sf/0f la|l6;n] ljZjdf ;fd|fHo
km}nfpg ;s]sf] lyof] . lrlgof / ef/tLox?sf] 3'dGt] k|j[lQsf] sf/0f jt{dfg
ljZjdf cd]l/sf, clk|msf, o'/f]k / ci6«]lnof ;Dd km}lnPsf 5g\ . ljZj >d ahf/
/ cy{Joj:yfdf lo 3'dGt]x?sf] lgs} k|efj /x]sf] 5 . j}b]lzs e|d0f dfkm{t g/]Gb|
df]bL ut jif{ rrf{sf] lzv/df k'u]sf lyP .
Go" hl;{ eGg]
ljlQs} ef/tLo d"nsf cd]l/sLx?sf] jfSn} jl:t /x]5 . l5d]sdf cfsfz 5'g]
ax'd+hLnsf :sfO{ l:qmk/ ePsf] Go"of]s{sf] l5d]sL /fHodf k6Ss} k|efj b]lvPg
. oxfF t b'O{ tNn] 5'§f 5'§} :jtGq 3/x? cl:ttjdf 5g\ . 3/ g+a/n] 5'6\ofOPsf
;]tfDo 3/ / sf/sf] stf/ g} cd]l/sL hLjgsf] k|tLs xf] .
;'ldt d/fx7\7f
jfg]Zj/sf] jfl;Gbf x'g\ . pgL !(($ sf] j;Gtdf cd]l/sf cfP5g\ . df:6;{
OGef/d]G6n OlGhlgol/ª k9\g cfO{ cWoog k'/f u/]5g\ . xfn sDKo'6/ OlGhlgo/sf]
?kdf sfd u/]sf] !* jif{ eO;s]5 . ;'?sf jif{b]lv sDKo'6/ OlGhlgo/sf] sfd yfNg'
ePsf] sfddf ;Gt'li6 5 . kfl/jfl/s ;Gt'li6 5 . tLg hgf efO{ alxgL dWo Ps hgf
bfO{ g]kfnd} a:g'x'G5 /] . lbbL / ;'ldt rflxF cd]l/sfdf a:g' x'G5 . xfn ;Dd
cd]l/sfdf cfP/ cfkm"n] ljb]zLk|lt ul/g] leGg Jojxf/ kfPsf] 5}g eGg]
pxfFsf] egfO{ 5 . o'lgel;{l6 ckm cf]Snf]xfdfdf k9fO{ ;DkGg ePkl5
Go"of]s{df sfd yfNg' eP5 .
;g\ @)) df
Go" hl;{df 3/ lsg] kl5 % jif{ kl5 j}jflxs hLjgdf jfFlwg' eP5 . jxfFsf]
ljjfxsf] ;fwf/0f ;+:sf/ut sd vr{sf] sfo{qmd nugv]ndf kf6g c:ktfnsf] cuf8Lsf]
Sof6l/ªdf sl/a @)) hgfsf] pkl:ylt pkxf//lxt sfo{qmd cg's/0fLo lyof] . To; a]nf
d crDddf k/]sf] lyP . kl/jt{g ug{ ;dfhdf s;} g s;}n] gd'gf x'g} k5{ . x]df /
;'ldtsf] ljjfxsf] ;dodf hDdf b'O{ ;'6s]zdf n'uf sk8f ;lxt ljjfx ;DkGg ePsf]
lyof] .
cfh lbgel/
Go"hl;{ ;d'Gb|lt/ clg ahf/df 3'd3fd u¥of} . >L s[i0f d+bL/ blIf0f
ef/tLo d+bL/ lsl;dsf] dGbL/ x]g{ uof} . dlGb/ ;fx|} ;'Gb/ nfUof] . of] dlGb/df
j]bkf7 zlgsf] dxfd[To'~ho k'hf, / cg]s lsl;dsf cGo k'hf cfhf x]bf{ ef/td}
k'u]h:tf] nfUof] . ef/tLo ;DkGgtfn] g]kfnL lxGb'nfO{ klg k|fy{gf k'hfsf] cj;/
lbPsf] kfOof] . dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] vr{ x]bf{ ef/tLox?sf]
;DkGgtfnfO{ bzf{pg] /x]5 . To;kl5 xfdL Go" hl;{sf] blIf0f lt/sf] ;d'Gb|
lsgf/ x]g{ uof}+ . Psflt/ lxdR5flbt lsgf/sf] ;]tfDo e'ld / csf]{lt/ gLnf]
;d'Gb| klxnf] k6s b]v]+ . Sof ;'Gb/ l; jLr / lxpFsf] ;+ud . uf]jfh:t} gLnf]
;d'Gb|sf] 5fndo lsgf/f / j]zSofDkdf h:t} ;]tfDo lxpFn] 9fs]sf] lsgf/f .
kf}g] 5 ah] SjLg; ljgf]b
hLsf] 3/df k'Uof}+ . ljgf]b hLsf] 3/af6 xfdL Go"of]s{sf] pQ/lt/ /x]sf]
efnxfnf eGg] 7fpFdf k'Uof}+ . a]n'sf kf}g] ;ft ah] xfdL x]dfsf] ;fyLsf] 3/df
k'Uof}+ . ToxfF g]kfnLx?sf] /fd|} hd36 /x]5 . ddM kfl6{ elg uPsf lyof} t/ ljo/,
jfOg kf6L{af6 a]n'sfsf] hd36 cl3 a9\of] . d}n] jfOg vfP ukm;km /dfOnf] eof] .
ljleGg If]qdf sfd ul/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] hd36 /x]5 . nfdf] ;do ;Dd xfdLn] ddM
clg ljo/ / jfOg vfof} . ;fx|} /dfOnf] eof] . xfdLx? em08} !)) lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f
8«fOleª u/]/ Go"hl;{hfg' kg]{5 . /fqL !) ah]/ lj; ldg]6df xfdL
Go"of]s{ zx/sf] pQ/L7fpFdf cjl:yt ;jej{ af6 ddM kf6L{ vfO{ 8«fOljª u/]/
Go"hl;{ kmSof}{ . ^& dfon ofg]ls s/La !)% lsnf]ld6/sf] jf6f] kf/ ug{
Ps 306f klg nfu]g . em08} d'lUnª sf7df8f}+sf] b'/Lsf] jf6f] Ps 306fsf] 8«fOleª olx
g} cd]l/sL ljz]iftf xf] . rf}8f ;8s k"/f l:k8df uf8L xfFSg ;lsg] . JolQm
lkR5] uf8L, sf/ 5 eg] ;fsf/ cfkm\gf] xftdf 8«fOle8 5}g eg] j]sf/, ljgfsf/ hLjg
lg/fsf/, b"w lsGg sf/d} hfg' kg]{, t/sf/L lsGg t s'/} ePg .
clkm; hfFbf kSs}
klg 3/glhssf] j; c8\8f eP klg sf/df hfg'kg]{ . Jo:t ;8sdf kfls{ªsf] c;'ljwfn]
ToxfF j;df uPklg !) ldg]6sf] 5f]6f] jf6f]df sf/ 5f]8]/ a; lng' kg]{ . 3'd3fd /
ljbf dgfpg t kSs} sf/ rflxof] g} . k"FhLjfbsf] r/d gd"gf xf] cd]l/sL
;dfh /]i6'/]G6df kfgL klg l;Q} kfOb}g . ePsf/ geP hLjg Josf/, /km\tf/df jfFRg'
/ k|lt:kwf{df /xg' d]/f] /fi6«sf] uf}/j eGg' cd]l/sL ljz]iftf /x]5 . ljZj zlQm
ePs} sf/0f cd]l/sL kf; kf]6{ jf]Sg]x?sf] nflu ;a} ljsl;t b]zdf leiff z'Ns ltg'{
kb}{g . ofg]sL, hfkfg, o'/f]k, c:6«]lnof hfg kf;kf]6{ dfq eP k'Ug] . ;+;f/
ljlrqsf] 5, ljZjsf] ;]jf ug]{x?sf] df]ljlnl6 lgolGqt 5 . g]kfndf k'/fgf] k/+k/f
cg';f/ xlnofnfO{ /f]s] h:t} . d:t ;f9], dflns, ;DkGgnfO{ ;+;f/df s:n] /f]Sg]
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g]kfnL jfFUnfb]zL,
clk|msg /fli6«otf wf/L /fxbfgL jfxsnfO{ a'l4 / ljlzi6 1fg 5}g eGg] ljslzt b]zdf
k|j]zf1f le;f g} pknAw x'b}g . ljZj o:t} c;dfg Jojxf/n] u|l;t 5, lyof] / /xg]5
. …j;'w}j s'6'Djs+Ú t eGg] s'/f dfq} kf] xf]ls < s'6'Da leq klg t Tof] Uofk
5 x}g / < kl/jf/df ;a}nfO{ Ps ;dfh Jojxf/ x'Fb}g s} klg sxLF klg .
o;f] km';{b kfof],
dgn] dfGof], kl/jf/n] cg'dlt lbof], sfdaf6 5'6sf/f kfpFbf obfsbf 3'Dg kfpg'
hLjgsf] Ps pknlAw xf] h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ t <
cfh dfr{ !@ tfl/v xf], cfh sxfF
hfg] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ub}{5' .
-dfgl;s tgfj_
k'?if / s]6fx?nfO{
x'g] of}g lx+;f ;fgf] afns x'Fbf v]/L b]lv j[4fj:yf ;Dd x'G5 . #) jif]{ o'jtLn]
!% jif{sf] s]6fnfO{ lnP/ cfkm"nfO{ lgDg tl/sfn] of}g lqmofsnfkdf ha/hl:t
ug{ nufpF5g\ . lel8of] lSnk b]vfOPsf] lyof] .
(Mail survivors)
lkl8t k'?if k|lt gf/L jfbLsf] s]
wf/0ff 5 . kLl8t k'?if klxnf] t ph'/L ug}{ hfFb}gg\ nfhn] . jf pgLx?sf]
ph'l/dfly /fd|f] ;'g'jfO{ g} x'Gg .
Alley as agency change?
mens Resources International
vf]n]/ x]g]{ Online ?
Witness Man propetrotor Man survior Man unfair demand on boy vidation to male.
;dfhn] k'?ifnfO{ lx+;|s x'G5 eGg]
dfg]sf] 5 . of] g} ;To xf]Og . s]6f jf k'?ifnfO{ lx+;|s s;n] agfpF5 nfngkfng /
:s'lnªsf] e"ldsf 5 ls 5}g <
real man must be violent
How ever boy and man are not hilling process in the society. Who make this boy
violent ? Mother, father, family, society, man card, man code, moms symble,
when we adopt are have dual reality.
Mans are more responsible
than truma creator.
k'?iflx+;f ug]{ dfq xf]Og lhDd]jf/
klg 5g\ . c:6«]lnofsf] Ps cWoog cg';f/ @* Ü k'?if jf s]6f of|}g lx+;fsf lzsf/
ePsf 5g\ . plgx?sf] s'/f ;'Gg] lgsfosf] sld 5 . xfdL bf]xf]/f] Jojxf/
ckgfpF5f}+ . cfˆgf k|lt / c?sf JolQmk|lt lkl8t k'?ifsf] cfjfhsf] ;'gjfO{sf]
sldn] ;d:of NofpF5 .
d cfkm} ^ sIffdf k9\bfv]/L of}g
lx+;fdf k/]sf] JolQm x'F . 7"n} Hofg lgs} bf8L ePsf] aln07 k'?ifn]
cfkm\gf] k|:t'tLs/0fdf eGof] .
!& Ü k'?if
of}g lx+;fsf] lzsf/ x'G5g\ . * dfr{ ;]ldgf ;dfkg ;Fu} o'=Pg= ljlN8ªaf6 a|f]8j]
;Dd ePsf] dlxnf clwsf/sf] k|bzlgdf efulnP . kmf]6f] lvr] / Hofs / p;'{nf 6]n/;Fu
u|fG8 ;]G6/df a;]/ kmnkm"n slkm vfO{ ukm u¥of}+ . a]n'sf ds/sf] w/ uPF .
/fqL a|'slngdf g]kfnL ljBfyL{sf] 3/df uP/ Aofsn]en vfof} . /ftL sl/a !@ ah]
lkmtf{ eP/ 3/df cfO{ a:of} . ljgf]b /f]Ssf;lxt Pshgf csf]{ jlsn;Fu ToxfF uPsf]
lyPF .
-g]kfn kms{g] lbg
a'wjf/ dfr{ !*_ cfh ljlxjf/ xf], csf]{ xKtfsf] a'wjf/ d]/f] lkmtf{ hfg]
sfo{qmd, 5 . cfh b]lvsf] a;fO{ slt lbg s;/L a:g] eGg] jf/] ljrf/ ub}{5' .
df]ltnfn zdf{ -l/hfn_ @)&!
kmfu'g !) tfl/v_ klxn] jfNdLls SofDk;sf] ;xk|fWofks l8eL k/]/ % jif{cl3 cd]l/sf
cfO a;]sf] .
;g\ @))( df l8=le
k/]/ cfpg' ePsf] /x]5 . ^ jif{df ;'Jojl:yt tl/sfn] a;]sf] h:tf] nfUof] . l8=le
k/]/ cfpFbf /fhb"tfjf;sf] sG;'n/n] eg]sf] lyof] /], % hgfsf] kl/jf/ ghfpm ufx|f]
5 . Jojl:yt ePkl5 5f]/f 5f]/L af]nfpg' eg]sf] /x]5 . To; a]nf 39]/L a]r]/ !)
xhf/ 8n/ lnP/ cfPsf] xf] /] . 5f]/fsf] k9fO{ ;]G6 h]leo;{ ePsf]n] p; dfly
ljZjf; lyof] . @))( ;]D6]Da/df cd]l/sf cfOof] . sxfF hfg] yfxf lyPg . 5f]/f v';L
lyof], 8nnf; Pc/ kf]6{ jfl;+u6gdf pq]kl5 Ps hgf kl08t d's'Gb clwsf/L hL ;Fu e]6
eof] . To;a]nf cd]l/sfdf ;'/Iff ;f]wk'5 al9 ul/GYof] .
kfx'gfsf] ?kdf Ps
sf]7fsf] a];d]G6df ;a}hgf a:of}+ . g]kfnL vfgf vfof+}, b'v kfpg] ;Defjgf 5}g
xf]nf h:tf] dnfO{ nfu]sf] lyof] . cd]l/sfdf x/]s JolQmn] Ps 306f sdfPsf] k};fn]
Ps 5fs vfg k'U5 . Pslbgsf] tnjn] Ps dlxgf uf8Lsf] nflu k]6«f]n lsGg k'U5 Ps÷8]9
xhf/ 8n/ b]lv hlt;'s} dx+uf] d'No ;Dddf uf8L lsGg ;lsG5 . hfuL/ x'g] ljlQs} 3/,
uf8L cGo ;fdfg ls:tfjGbLdf t'?Gt} kfOG5 . jf/fs cf]jfdf /fi6«klt ePkl5
bf]>f] sfo{sfn ;Fu} x/]s cd]l/sLnfO{ hLjg ljdf clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5 . k};f
gx'g]n] klg cf}ifwf]krf/ gkfpg] ;Defjgf 5}g . Pshgf ldqn] eg] d]/f]
cf}ifwf]krf/ dfl;s !%)) 8n/ nfU5 . d]/f] :yfgLo ;/sf/n] Tof] ;a} Joxf]5{ . -ds/
kf]v/]n_
-!@ dfr{ l8=;L=_
ljh'nL, kfgL, Uof;
;a}ul/ $))), %))), sdfO{ x'g] JolQmsf] 3/sf] ;a} z'Ns ljn @, # ;o 8n/n] k'U5 .
cd]l/sL j}ej, ;DkGgtfsf] k5f8L sfdk|ltsf] OdfGbf/Ltf, ;Totf, nugzLntf klg xf] .
OG6/g]6, Nof08 nfOg 6]lnkmf]g
s]jnsf] hDdfhDdL @)) 8n/ dfq k5{ . cf};t kl/jf/ ;+Vof #, ls rf/ hgfsf] x'g]
/x]5 .
sf/ / gf]s/L, hLjg
ofkgsf] d"n cfwf/ x'g . ljZjdf ;a} eGbf w]/} xjfO{ u|fp08 ePsf] d'n's
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfg} xf] . hxfF hDdf krf; /fHodf hDdf hDdL cGt/fli6«o /
/fli6«o xjfO{ c8\8f 5g\ . ljZjdf a; eGbf xjfO{ l6s6 sltko a]nfdf ;:tf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs hfgsfl/sf] cefjsf] sf/0f /fHoåf/f k|bfg ul/g] ;'ljwfx?af6 klg g]kfnL
cfuGt's jl~rt ePsf x'G5g\ .
!($%# xjfO{ u|fp08, cd]l/sf el/df
dfr{ @)!% ;Dd hDdfhDdL xjfO{ u|fp08 !($%# j6f 5g\ . ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / Jo:t
rflxF hlh{ofsf] P6nfG6f xjfO{ u|fp08 /x]5 .
Public use 5155, ;fj{hlgs
Int 1409 k|fOe]6 o'h
290 ;}lgs ljdfg:yn
Pslbgdf cd]l/sL cfsfzdf hDdf hgf dflg; xjfO{ ofqf u5{g . cd]l/sf e/L *&
xhf/ p8fg k|lt lbg x'G5 . xjfO{ hxfhsf] l6s6 em08} lgz'Ns b]lv clwstd dx+uf]
klg x'G5 . cd]l/sL /fHo ljZjdf xjfO{ u|fp08 ePsf d'n'sklg 5g\ . P08f]/f,
df]gfsf], Eofl6sg l;l6 / n]r/]G:6]g . Soflnkmf]lg{ofsf] PSn}sf] cy{ tGq ljZjsf
kfFr b]z kl5sf] 5}6f} g+j/df 5 /] .
P08f]/fdf – xjfO{ u|fp08 5}g,
n]r/]G:6]g – df klg 5}g,
df]gfsf] ;d dl/gf]df klg 5}g, Eofl6sg
l;l6
cfhsf] df};d Ps bd
;'Gb/ 5 . cfh 3'd3fd ug]{ Psbd ;'Gb/ 5 . 3'd3fd ug{ /dfOnf] x'G5 xf]nf . lrqs[i0f
ltjf/L hL ;Fu e]6 eP/ n~r vfoL / g]kfnsf] ax'cfoflds kIfsf] ukm;km u¥of} .
g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] cGt/Ë ukm;km u¥of}+ . lrqs[i0f ltjf/Lsf] dfcf]jfbL ;Fusf]
;xsfo{ / plgx?sf] ;fy sfd u/]sf] sf/0f pgn] u/]sf] /fhgLlts cfz jf/] klg yfxf
kfOof] . Ps hgf g]kfnL HofS;g xfO6df ef/tLo uxgf k;ndf ;'/Iffdf sfd ul/ /x]sf]
dfG5]nfO{ ci6«]lnofsf] /fhb"t agfP/ dfcf]jfbLn] k7fPsf] oyfy{ klg yfxf
eof] . g]kfn leqsf] /fhgLlts p7fk6s / ;d:ofaf/] v'n]/ ax; u¥of}+ . gftfjfb,
s[kfjfb, kl/jf/jfb, kml/ofjfbn] ;a} kf6L{sf] tx p:t} b]Vof}+ .
-!$ dfr{ dgf;;_
pQ/ cd]l/sfsf]
klxnf] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+:yf ANA emu8f eP/ efue08f ePsf] lyof] . ljutdf s]lx ;d:of
ePsf] lyof] . clxn] k'gM n8fO{ ems8fnfO{ vtd u/]/ cl3 a9\g'k5{, Pstfsf] ;Gb]z
;lxt cl3 a9f}+ eGb} elh{lgofdf PPgP ;Dd]ng ul/Psf] /x]5 .
/fdrGb| e§/fO{ g]kfn cd]l/sf rf}tf/L,
-!* tfl/v ljxfg_ dfr{
cfh d ;+o'Qm /fHo
cd]l/sf k'u]sf] b'O{ xKtf ljlt;Sof] . ;du| a;fO{ /dfOnf] eof] . gofF ;fyL
agfpg] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . cd]l/sfdf /fd|/L a;f]jf; ul//x]sf s]lx k|f]km];gn
g]kfnL ;Fu ;+ut eof] . oxfF wg 5, /fd|f] dxn 5, hLjgdf w]/} bf}8w'k 5 . To;}df
t'ngfTds ?kdf c? eGbf s;/L /fd|f] 3/, /fd|f] sf/, /fd|f] qm]l86 /fd||f] j}s
Aofn]G;s} vf]hLdf lnnf rln/x]5 . g]kfnsf] h:tf] vfg nfO{ ;d:of 5}g . k/Gt' Xdfd
ju{/, s]=Pkm=;L= h:tf t}of/L vfgf al9 ?lrs/ ;:tf ;lhnf ePsf]n] dfgj hLjgdf
df;'sf] dfqf rflxF cfjZostf eGbf a9\t} a9] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ . ;8sdf sf/,
uNnL, ahf/ leq ;fgf rf/ kfË|]n] jf]ls /fv]sf dfgj lk08sf] ;+Vof a9\b} uP h:tf]
nfUof] . k};f 5, gf]s/L 5 ANA sf] :yfkgf ubf{ slthgf ;b:o lyP yfxf 5}g . ;g\ !(*# df
:yfkgf ePsf] /x]5 PPgP . xfn s"n ;b:o;+Vof @%# hgf 5g\ .
!))))) -Ps ;o xhf/
8n/df aemfË df 6fj/ /fv]/ OG6/g]6 lk|m lhNnf agfpg rfxfG5', d]lbgL clwsf/Ln]
eg] . clxn] g]kfnLx?n] dlGb/ agfpg] 7fpFdf hfFb}5f}+ . kl/jf/ 5 k/Gt' dfgl;s
tgfj / c;Gt'li6 klg 5 . s] g s] x/fPsf] cg'e'lt ul/ /x]s} 5g\ JxfO6 sn/ ha ug]{
blIf0f PlzofnLx?n] . To;}n] 7"n 7"nf dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ blIf0f
PlzofnL ememNsf] lbg rxfg] /x]5g\ . ;DkGgtf ;Fu} ;Eotf u'Dg nfu]sf] k|tLt x'Fb}
/x]5 . cfˆgf afn aRrfn] cd]l/sL ;+:s[lt l;Sg] 8/ cleefjsdf kfOof] . tLgj6f WWW ;Fu tl;{g] /x]5g\
. cd]l/sLx? j}b/, j]Ny, jfOkm ljZjf;} ug{ ufx|f] hlta]nf klg abNg ;Sg] /] .
jl:t ljsf; hg;+Vofj[l4
;Fu} x'g] :jfefljs k|s[of xf] . kfFr jif{ cl3 h+un ePsf 7fpFx? gofF cfjfl;o
ejgx?n] emlsemsfp ePsf 5g\ .
ljsl;t, ;dfhdf
x/]s 3/ ePsfx?n] @$ 306f 6\ofÍL g/fvL sg} cgj/t kfgL x/]s wf/fdf tftf] lr;f]
kfgL kfpg] /x]5g\ . rf}lj;} 306f ljh'nL, Uof; kfOk nfOgaf6 Uof;sf] lg/+t/ ;KnfO{
x'g] ePkl5 3/ ttfpg], vfgf ksfpg], kfgL ttfpg] ;d:ofg} ePg . PSsfO;f}+ ;tflAbsf
afn jflnsf lel8of] u]d, 6]lnlehg, cfO{k]8, df]jfOn, jfx]s kfl/jfl/s ukm ;kmdf Tolt
?lr /fVb}gg\ . of] rflxF ljsf;;Fu} cfPsf] lszf]/fj:yfsf] gofF ;dfg ;d:of xf] .
cd]l/sL :s"n] jRrfnfO{ klg yk k|fOe]6 6\o'zg k9fpg] ul/bf] /x]5 . To:tf]df
k|fo;M sf]l/og, ef/tLo g]kfnLx? ul0ft / lj1fg k9fpg nfd nfu]/ aRrfnfO{ k|fljlws
lzIff lt/ k9fpg] p2]Zon] xf]nf yk 6\o'zg sIfflt/ pGd'v u/fpg] /x]5g\ . Tof]
k4lt cd]l/sLx?df sd b]lvof] . cd]l/sLx? a'l4 yf]kfg{ vf]Hb}g xf]nfg\ . To;f]
ubf{ cfdf, afa'sf] yk sfdsf] jf]em a9\g] g} eof] . ;Fu} kl9;s]kl5 sfln, uf]/L,
sfnf], uf]/f] 5f]/L, HjfO{ knf{sL eGg] kL/ ;d]t jf]Sg] /x]5g\ . hxfF uPklg
k"jL{o dfgl;stf s]xL dfqfdf ;+:sf/ut dfGotf ;Fu} x'g] g} eof] . wgL ;DkGg,
8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, 7"nf] Jofkfl/s 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] k9fO{ df Wofg glbPsf]n] cfdf,
afa' lrlGtt 5g\ . sd cfly{s cfo x'g]sf 5f]/L, 5f]/fsf] al9 d]xgt /fd|f] ljZj
ljBfnodf k"0f{ 5fqj[lQdf k9]sf] b]v]/ wgL dflg;n] OZof{ u/]sf] klg kfOof]
. olxg} ;dosf] k|efj /x]5 ;dfhdf ju{ kl/jt{gsf] . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] Bf]ts, jf/fs
cf]jfdf, g/]Gb| df]bL h:tfn] b]zsf] dxTjk"0f{ kbdf k'Ug c/a kltsf] 3/df
hGdg' k/]sf] lyPg . nf]stGqdf ;a}nfO{ ;dfg cj;/ ePsf] gd"gf xf] cd]l/sL /
ef/tLo nf]stGq .
g]kfnL
/fhgLlt1x?;a} cfkm' /fhgLlt u5{g\ . cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ /fhgLlt gug{ / ljZjsf]
;'v ;on ug{ nufpF5g\ . z]/ axfb'/, tfl/0fL, PgkL, emngfy, /fdrGb|, lbgfgfy x'g\
ls jfj' /fd k|e[lQ g/xl/ h:tfn] klg c?sf 5f]/f 5f]/lnfO{ em08f / 808f af]Sg
nufpF5g\ . cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ /fhgLltsf] uGwaf6 klg 6f9f /fV5g\ . Tof] g} g]kfnsf]
lj8Dagf xf] . lq=lj=sf k|fWofks cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ k|fOe]6 sn]hdf k7fpF5g\ .
cfkm' rflxF lq=lj df k9fpF5g\ . plgx?nfO{ ljZj ljBfno k|lt ljZjf; 5}g . sltko
/fhgLlt1 lu|g sf8{ lng >LdtLnfO{ ue{jlt ePkl5 cd]l/sf a:g nufpF5g\ .
;Gtfgsf] hGdsf] cfwf/df cd]l/sfdf gful/stf k|fKt x'g] ePsf]n] eljio b]Vg]x?
g]kfnsf dGqL x'G5g\ . /fi6«k|]d, /fli6«otf vf]qmf] gf/f jf]s]/ c?nfO{ pNn'
agfpF5g\ . g]tfx? Sof uha 5 ;+;f/ < /fdz/0f dxt, k|sfz dxt, k|sfzdfg l;+x, lbk
s'df/ pkfWofo s:sf] 5 of] lzIff k4ltdf, b]zdf ljZjf; 9nkfn eof] ls efGg] rSs/df
nfu]sfx?n] b]z rnfP kl5 b'u{lt n'6 jfx]s s] x'g] xf]nf < g]kfndf /fhgLlt
ug]{x?nfO{ :jb]z k|lt slQ klg ljZjf; 5}g . To;}n] t cfkm\gf ;Gtfg / cfkmGtnfO{
ljb]z k7fpg' plgx?sf] k|d'v Ph]08f x'G5 . k|fWofks, jlsn, /fhgLlt1 ;a}sf] Tolx
xfnt 5 . jfl;+u6gdf ljZj ljBfnodf cWofkg/t / cd]l/sfdf hLjg JotLt ul//x]sfx?sf]
5nkmndf o:t} oyfy{ ;'lgof] .
cfh, Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf
:yfg]Zj/;Fu nfdf] ukm eof] . pgn] eg] ljZjsf] Wofg lj:tf/} rLg lt/ cfslif{t
x'Fb}g . oxfFaf6 sltko dflg; /fd||f] sfdsf] vf]lhdf rLg lt/ hfFb}5g\ . g]kfn
glhss} 5 rLgn] dfgljls zf:q lt/ nufgL a9fO{ /x]sf] 5 . rLgnfO{ uGtJo agfpg ;s]
/fd|f] 5 eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ lyof] . pgn] eg] hd{gx? hftLjfbL 5g\ . d}n] a'em]sf]
/ dx]z /fh kGtn] a'em]sf] hd{lg g]kfnLsf] uGtJosf] nflu pko'Qm 7fpF xf]Og .
cd]l/sfdf sd;]sd /Ë, hft, efiffsf] cfwf/df e]b efj b]lvg] ?kdf x'Fb}g . hd{gdf
t gfhLx?n] ef|}lts ?kd} lk6kf6 ug{ cfpF5g\ . To;}n] tkfO{sf] 5f]/f] sf] ME
ug]{
ljrf/nfO{ cd]l/sf lt/ k9fpg';\ . eg] o;} ;Gbe{df pgn] y'k|} pbfx/0f lbP . lgs6
eljiodf pbfpFbf] cfly{s >f]tsf] sf/0f rLg ljZjsf] cfsif{0f xf] . Totf kl§
gofF ahf/ vf]Ng nfUg'; eGg] :yfg]zj/sf] egfO{df t's eP h:tf] nfUof] .
;do -&M)% ldg]6 cfD;8d_
xfdL g]kfn hfg
eg]/ $ ah] 3/af6 lgl:sof} . tLg ah]/ aL; ldg]6df 8n]; Pc/kf]6{ jfl;+6g k'Uof}+
. dnfO{ ! gDa/ u]6 b]vfP/ /d]z kGt hL / jxfFsf] 5f]/f 3/ kms]{ . d eg] xjfO{
hxfhdf hfgsf] nflu 8]N6f Pc/sf] clkm; lt/ nfu]F . ToxfF sfp06/df ePls dlxnfn]
elgg tkfO{sf] l6s6 8]N6fsf] eP klg kms{bf tkfO{ KLM / Pc/ k|mfG;sf]
ljdfgaf6 hfg' x'g]5 . ctM l;wf cufl8 uP/ s]Pn Pd sf] r]lsª sfpG6/df hfg' xf]nf
. clg d cl3 a9]+ l;wf cuf8L uPkl5 s] Pn= Pd, Pc/ k|mfG;sf] r]lsª sfpG6/df uP/
;fdfg tf}n]/ sf7df8f}+sf] nflu k7fPF . To; kl5 xft] emf]nf lnP/ Ps tNnf d'lg uP
ToxfFaf6 /]n r9]/ P !% lt/ nfu]+ . ToxfF sl/a Ps 306f kv{g' k¥of] . To; cl3 s8f
;'/Iff hfFr / kf; kf]6{ hfFr eof] .
;fFemsf] ^ ah]/ %)
ldg]6df xjfO{ hxfh wfjg dfu{ lt/ nfUof] . jfl;+u6gsf] 8n]; Pc/kf]6{af6 g]b/Nof8
cfD;6/8d ;Dd k'Ug & 306f % ldg]6 nfU5 eGof] . & aHg # ldg]6 jfsL x'Fbf
xjfO{ hxfhn] b|'t ult lnO{ p8fg eof] . cfsfzaf6 jfl;+u6g l8l; 5n{Ë b]lvof] .
cfh df|};d ;kmf ePsf]n] Tof] ;Dej eof] . cfhef]ln oxfF ;f9] ;ft ah] ;Dd 3fd
x'g] /x]5 . udL{df t (. !) ah] ;Dd 3fd nfu]s} x'G5 /] g]kfn eGbf pQ/lt/ ePsf]n]
To;f] ePsf] xf]nf .
-!( tfl/v_ -P6nflG6s dxf;fu/_
clxn] cd]l/sL
;dofg';f/ /fqLsf] kf}g] Ps aHof] . kl/rfl/sf / kl/rf/sn] tfTtftf] jfkm cfpg]
sfuhsf] tf}lnof lnP/ cfP . xjfO{ ofqLx? d'v k'5\g], xft k'5\g] sfd ub}{5g\ ljpem]sfx? . dHhfn] ;'t]sf 5g\ plgx?nfO{
l8:6j{ u/]sf] 5}g . clxn] xjfO{hxfh $),))) lkm6sf] prfO{df **& lsnf]ld6/
k|lt 306fsf] /km\tf/df s]=Pn=Pd eflu/x]5 . cd]l/sf hfg]a]nf cd]l/sfsf] xfjf
x'/L lxdkft 6«f]g]8f]n] ;f9] b'O{ 306f eGbf al9 yk ;do lnPsf] lyof] . Tolt dfq
xf]Og hLjgdf nuftf/ !* 306f tL; ldg]6sf] p8fgdf xf]l;of/ x'g'xf]; a]N6 jfFw]/
/fVg';, kl/rf/s klg l;6df a:g';\ eg]/ a]nf a]nf ;ts{ u/fOPsf] lyof] .
t}klg xjfO{ hxfhn]
w]/} xNnfPsf] lyof] . sltkon] esfes jfGtf u/]sf lyP . dnfO{ klg stfstf jfGtf
x'g] eo nfu]sf] lyof] . P6nflG6s ;d'Gb| zfGt eP/} xf] ls s] xf] cfh t xjfO{
hxfh cfgGb ;Fu hfFb}5 . k]6L afFWg klg eg]sf] 5}g . d}n] b'O{ l;6nfO{ vf6 agfO{
pQfgf] / t];f{] u/L kN6]+ . ;fob #, $ 306f ;'t] h:tf] 5 . clxn] nfdf]b"/L
kf/ ul/;Sof] ca Ps 306f / s]lx ldg]6 dfq jfFsL xf]nf To;}n] vfhf cfO{ xfNof] .
tkfO{nfO{ s] a|]skmf:6 rflxG5 elgg a[4 hl:t kl/rfl/sfn] . ˆnfO6sf] jflx/sf]
tfkqmd &) l8u|L 5 . ca Ps 306fdf cfD:6«/8d g]b/Nof08 k'U5 eg]/ n]v]sf]
lyof] . 8n]; cd]l/sfaf6 k|:yfg u/]sf] 5 306f k'/f e};Sof] .
Plzog xjfO{ sDkgL
gofF xf]nfg\ . To;}n] yfO{ Pc/, sf]l/og Pc/ / stf/ Pc/ h:tf Pc/ qmfˆ6df ljdfg
kl/rfl/sf e/v/sf cfsif{s o'jtL /fv]sf x'G5g\ . o'/f]ksf] ljsf; / k|ult klxn]g}
e} ;Sof] . To;}n] ljdfg kl/rfl/sf / kl/rf/s j[4, j[4f h:tf d'l:snn] xfF:g]
d':s'/fpg] /x]5g\ . clxn] ;fob ljdfg $),))) lkm6sf] prfOaf6 cd]l/sL dxfb]zaf6
o'/f]lkog dxfb]z k'Ug} nfUof}+ . oxfF pHofnf] e} ;s]sf] 5 . cd]l/sfdf t kSs}
/ftsf] b'O{ ah]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;fob !( tf sf] ljxfgsf] !) ah]sf] xf]nf . clxn]
g]kfn / jfl;+u6g jf6 %.% 306fsf] b'/Ldf /x]sf] o'/f]kdf k'u]sf] 5'F . cfD;8«d
cfpg} nfUof] /] g]b/Nof08sf] efiffdf PgfpG;d]G6 eof] To;kl5 c+u|]hLdf klg PgfpG;d]G6
;'? eof] .
cfh g]b/n]08af6
lbNnL hfg hDjf]h]6sf] ofqf eof] d]/f] l; g+j/ %% B lyof] . x/]s nx/df
bfoFf #, ljrdf rf/ / jfofF tLg u/L hDdf !) l;6sf] nx/ /x]5 . hDdfhDdL ^)) hgf
hlt kfgL af]Sg] Ifdtf ePsf] Pc/qmkm\6 /x]5 . dflyNnf] tNnfdf slt l;6 5g\ yfxf
5}g . h] xf]; hDjf]h]6sf] ofqf x'g] eof] cfh . bfofF afofF b'O{ hgf :yfgLo
xn]08sf dlxnf 5g\ B df d 5' . k'/f a's ePsf] 5}g /] To;}n] p8fg el/ ;s]kl5 s]lx
;lhnf] l;6df Joj:yf ug{ Sofljg qm'nfO{ eGg' xf]nf eg]/ PgfpG;d]G6 eof] .
hLjgdf d of] bf];|f]
k6s hDaf]h]6df ofqf ug{ ku]sf] 5' . ;fob bf]>f] k6s xf] . jf klxnf] k6s xf]
hDjf]h]6 r9]sf] !@M%% ah] p8\g' kg]{ hxfh OGhg rnfP/ rNg] t}of/Ldf 5, ;fob 6fj/af6
l;+ugnsf] k|ltIffdf x'g ;S5 .
g]b/Nof08af6 lbNnLsf]
b'/L ^*&! lsnf]ld6/ /x]5 . d em08} $@^@ dfon em\ofnlt/sf] l;6df a;]sf] 5'
xjfO{ hxfh PSs} rf]l6 w]/} dfly prfOdf r9\of] .
;+oQm /fHo
cd]l/sfdf g]kfnLx?n] klg dxTjk"0f{ :yfg kfpg ;kmn ePsf /x]5g\ . d"ntM
g]kfnL clN5 klg xf]Og lga'{l4 x'Fb} xf]Og eGg] cfwf/ 5g\ . o;}jif{ cd]l/sL
/fi6«klg af/fs cf]afdfaf6 pTs[i6 bz hgfn] kfPsf] o'jf cy{zf:qL k'/:sf/
ofd=cfO=6L= sf o'jfcy{zf:qL k|f1 kf7sn] k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . Ps hgf g]kfnL
d"nsL dlxnf cd]l/sL /fhb"t eP/ clkm|sfdf -blIf0f cd]l/sfdf_ sfo{/t
l5g\ . pgsf] gfd hh{d]zgdf ljlj lj1fg k9fO/x]sf /d]z kGthL af6 sltko hfgsf/L
k|fKt eof] . :6]6 l8df6{d]G6 jf cd]l/sL k//fi6« dGqfnodf $.% blIf0f cd]l/sL
gLlt x]g]{ 8]:sdf Ps hgf vqL dlxnf sfo{/t l5g\ .
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