विचार यात्रा किताबका समम्बन्धमा हिमाल खबर पत्रिकाको समिक्षा

निर्भीक टिप्पणी



किताबः विचारयात्रा ९२०६३०
लेखकः धनप्रसाद पण्डित
पृष्ठः २०४, मूल्यः रु।३००

राज्यव्यवस्थामा विभिन्न रूपमा भित्रिएका विसङ्गतिहरूको चिरफारसँगै निजी अनुभूतिहरूको सँगालो हो, विचारयात्रा। राजनीतिशास्त्रका अध्यापक धनप्रसाद पण्डितले विचारयात्रा मार्फत् आफ्ना खरा विचारलाई पाठकसामु राख्दै विषय र प्रस्तुतिका विविध स्वाद चखाउन खोजेका छन्।

लेखहरूले मूलतः चार विधालाई छोएका छन्। पहिलो खण्डमा बहुदलीय व्यवस्थाको पुनःस्थापना र त्यसपछि विभिन्न कोणबाट भित्रिएका विसङ्गतिका कारण क्षीण हुँदै गएको राजनीतिक संस्कारबारे मन्थन गरिएको छ भने दोस्रो भागमा नेपालको लथालिङ्गे शिक्षा नीतिलाई प्राथमिकतासाथ उठाइएको छ, यसक्षेत्रमा देखिएका सकारात्मकरनकारात्मक दुवै खाले गतिविधिलाई प्रस्ट पार्ने निर्भीक जमर्कोका साथ। पुस्तकमा नेपालको वैदेशिक मामिलाबारेका केही लेख पनि समाविष्ट छन्। यसक्रममा उनले सबैभन्दा बढी नेपाल–भारत सम्बन्धका कुरा लेखेका छन्। देश–देशान्तरका यात्रा विवरणले पाठकलाई सहजताका साथ डोर्याइरहन्छन्। प्रजातन्त्रप्राप्तिका लागि भएका विभिन्न आन्दोलनका क्रममा पटक पटक जेल बस्दाका रोचक अनुभवलाई किताबका थप आकर्षण मान्न सकिन्छ। देशको शैक्षिक अवस्था, विदेश मामिला, देश–विदेश यात्राका प्रसङ्गहरूका कारण पनि किताब पाठकका निम्ति खुराक हुनसक्छ।

Barsa 17,anka 3,197 Himal khabar patrika .

Problem of Sustainable Peace and Democracy in Nepal

Nepal is in the process of re-democratization since last year. The inefficiency and shortsightedness of the ruling political parties and the un-cooperative attitude of the palace led to the formation of a disgruntled group a decade ago and this group waged a bloody war against the democratic forces which lasted for more than ten years. This insurgent group called themselves the Maoists and in the ten years of war more than fourteen thousand people lost their lives, and property worth billions was destroyed. Despite several efforts to bring this group of insurgents into mainstream politics, the situation worsened and ultimately, the palace became greedy for power and seized it from the political parties in the name of saving the nation.

The despotic rule of the king, who was surrounded by the sycophants, tried to rule the country again with the help of guns. This attitude of the king helped in bringing the democrats and the Maoist together for a common cause. They stuck a deal and vowed to work towards democracy and end of the autocratic rule. A 12 point agreement between the Maoist and the democratic forces was reached and a decision was taken to start a revolution against the king who was becoming more and more despotic.

It took 19 days of strong people oriented revolution and the king was forced to give away his powers to the people again. The parliament was restored and Mr. Girija Prasad Koirala was unanimously elected the prime minister of the country. Again after several sittings, negotiations, and the 12 point agreement, the Maoist were also inducted into the parliament and provided with some important ministerial positions.   However, despite all the negotiations and agreements, even today the people have not been able to find peace in the country. The country has sided more and more into the mire of unruliness, and the political parties have not been able to handle the show adequately. The root causes of such non performance of the government are as follows:

1. High expectation of the people;

2. Problem of Governance (Sometimes anarchical situation);

3. Double standard activity by the Maoist even after joining the government;

4. Formation of the Young Communist League (YCL) by the Maoist- continuation of

   atrocities;

5. Distrust among the eight party;

6. Functionless Parliament for one and a half month;

7. Vested interest;

8. Shortsightedness of the political parties;

9. Warring factions;

10. Rampant Strikes and closures;

11. Corrupted bureaucratic system;

12. Intellectual bankruptcy;

13. All these hurdles help to create situation not holding constituent assembly

    election on time.

Major Challenges

1. Complication of the constitutional Assembly Election in peaceful Environment and in a democratic process.

2. Cantonment arrangement and ratification of Maoist combatant in the cantonment

   (by UN).

3. Fulfillment of the aspiration of the people in different sector

4. Operation of the interim constitution with 8 party agreements.

5. Final decision about the king and Monarchy; before or after constitutional

   assembly election.

6. Addressing the demands of all social and ethnic groups regarding their

position in a new structure (Federalism including language, culture and geography—inclusive democracy)

Therefore, we would like all of you to realize that Nepal is going through a very difficult phase and without the help of the international community we will not be able to reform the country and bring it back to the normal democratic track. We would therefore like to seek the valuable suggestions of the participants of the conference in helping us to move forward in our endeavor to make Nepal a free democratic country with no human rights violations. We would like to share our experiences and get your advice on the above matter.

 Asian intellectual communities share and respect the human Right issue because it is as essential as basic need in the 21st century. Most of the people in Asia are poor and deprived and face extreme poverty in life.

Describing the effect and pain of poverty in a Sanskrit drama Bidhusak states:

 “daaridryada hrimeti hriparigato Parrarsate tejaso.

nistejaa paribhabaan nirbedamaapadhete.

Nirbinnasachameti sokapahilo budhyaaparityajete.

Nirbaddi chhyamehito nidhanataa sarbaapadaamaaspadan.”

Finally Nepalese present situation is quite complicated for democratic experiment, maintenance of peace & security and the protection of human rights situation.

Hwa Rang is dedicated for autonomy, democracy and peace in Asia and world. We should share our ground reality and try to contribute towards achieving the goal of Hwa Rang. Korea, Mongolia, Nepal face in their political history the pain of authoritarian system. But Korea came out successfully from authoritarian system to democratic; Mongolia is also in the path of peaceful transformation of political system. My country Nepal has its long autocratic legacy and huge division by cast, ethnicity, class and sexual division and discrimination. We need to help each other using our capacity. I would like to thank professor Youshin choi, Balgammunun, President of Hwa Rang for opposing authoritarian election organized by the king and for raising a voice internationally against my arrest and imprisonment by the king’s government last year.

    

My visit to Mongolia would not have been possible without the strong support provided by Prof. You Shin Choy. I’m really pleased to be here with energetic, colorful, young Asian hearts dedicated to peace, democracy and autonomy and human rights in Asia and the world. My country Nepal is in democratic dialogue for peace and is searching for vigorous process through democratization but the democratic path is not easy. Too much freedom may create anarchy, total control of politics leads towards dictatorship like in Nepal, Mongolia and Korea previously.

There’s certain similarity between Mongolia, Korea and Nepal. Lord Buddha was born in Nepal. Mongolia and Korea are the greatest followers of Buddhism. Geographically we are far apart in Asia; politically both countries (Mongolia and Nepal) enter into the legal democratic process. Mongolia is leading to achieve this goal through peaceful means. So, I’d like to learn how it became possible in Mongolia and how peaceful transformation of communism into democracy; and why Nepal is facing transitional difficulty? I would like to know how to improve this situation of Nepal and restore peace, prosperity and security in my country.

Every one knows how king of Nepal tried to take all the power in his hand forcing people to make sacrifice for freedom and Democratic Nepal. All this movement was to establish Nepal as democratic country but instead of moving in the road of democracy the country is moving towards communism. So, I’d like to know how we can work together to improve this situation of Nepal so that we can move forward to the same path of democracy as did Monarchy.

Bibliography

Seymour Martin Lip set(Editor in Chief.), 1995(1414 22nd street, N.W. Washington, D.C., Vol.2), “Encyclopedia of Democracy”, Congressional quarterly INC.

William van Genugten and Camilo Perez-Bustillo:  2001(Zed Book limited, 7 Cynthia Street, London N1 9JF, UK ),“The Poverty of right”

The Duke of Portland(K.G., G.C.V.O.) , 1888: London FABER AND FABER LIMITED (24 RUSSELL SQUARE): “MEN WOMEN AND THINGS”.

Descriptive Peace Accord : Peace Committee, Nepal Government; Peace secretariate, Singh durbar, Nepal.

HOR Proclamation: 24th April 2006; WWW.Nepalnews \ Mercantile Communications Pvt_ Ltd.html

Full text of the Ceasefire Code of Conduct agreed between the govt. of Nepal and CPN (Maoist) on May 25, 2006 :(Unofficial translation by Nepalnews translation team)

SWEDEN DIARY 2014 JULY

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xf]nf . d}n] hxfhsf] Ps :6fkmnfO{ ;f]w]F slt tNnfsf] xf]nf . pgn] 7fpF b]vfP / eg] ToxfF hfg'; x]g'{; ;a} n]lvPsf] x'G5 . pgn] t'?Gt} hfg]sf] ljifodf klg pQ/ glbO{ cfkm} vf]Hg dnfO{ afWo kf/] . g]kfndf ePsf] eP k]6 b'Vof] eg] a]/fnug vfg'; eg]/ h:n] klg elglbg ;s5 . l;sfpg] eGbf l;Sg nufpg] afgL /x]5 . Tof] k4ltn] dflg;sf] vf]l hug]{ aflg kbf]{ xf]nf .

      P6nfG6Ls cf]l;ogdf xfd|f] 8'Ëf t}l/Fb}5 . Ps hgf lkt[ eQm 5f]/L afa'nfO{ a[4 clg c;Qm cj:yfdf ed|0f u/fpFb} l5g . xfG; (Hans) Berjkvast ah|sef:6 / pgls 5f]/L cfGgf ;Fu s]lx j]/ ;Fu} hxfhdf 3'd]F . e|d0f ;'Gb/ /Xof], af6f]sf] ldqtf /dfOnf] x"G5 . *! jlif{o kfgL hxfhsf OlGhlgo/;Fu ukm ul/ 8]sdf a;] . pgn] kGw| jif{sf] pd]/ b]lv ;d'Gb|df sfd u/]sf] /] . @^ jif{ t cd]l/sfdf dfq} sfd u/] pgn] eg] s/La ;a} ;d'Gb| df]u]sf] / x]/]sf] 5'F . clxn] d]/f] v'§f rNb}g . To;}n] lXjn r]o/sf] ;xf/f 5f]/Ln] 3'dfpFb} l5g /] .

      bz tNnfsf] hxfhdf kfFr b]lv bztNnf ;Dd tn dfly 8'Nb} gofF ;fyL agfpb} ukm ub}{ hfFbf tLg 306f lat] 5 . Tolts}df xfd|f] 7"nf] 8'Ëf ls xhfh 8]gdfs{ k'Uof] .

of] 8]lg; e"ldaf6 cfFx"; eP/ /]ndf sf]a]gx]ug uObf] /x]5 . cfx';df PN;fsf] 3/ 5 xf]nf, 8]lg; :jod ;]js ;+:yfdf efiff lzIfs eO{ sfd ubf{ d}n] g]kfnL efiff k9fPsf] ljBfyL{ lyOg PN;f . ca t a'9L e} ;ls xf]lng . 7fpF ;'Gb/ /dfOnf] k/d ;DkGgtf dflg;df g}/f:otf xtf;, lbSbfl/ kgf ls r/d JolQmjfb xflj ePsf] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ t . vf]H5g\ ;a} ;'v egL ;'v Tof] sxfF 5, cfkm' ld6fO{ c?nfO{ lbg' hxfF 5 . :j]8]gdf r/d ul/aL ePsf] a]nfdf oxfFsf !)Ü dflg; cd]l/sfdf uP/ a;f]af;
u/]5g\ . sltkosf] egfO{df c7f/f}+ ;tflAbsf] cGtlt/ r/d u/Llasf] sf/0f rf/ ldlnog hg;+Vof . rfln; nfv dWo s/La cfwf hg;+Vof g} cd]l/sf k'u] eGg] klg 5g\ . h] xf];\ k|ltzt eGbf klg dflg; vfgkfg / ;'v ;'ljwfsf] vf]lhdf csf]{b]z hfG5 eg] Tof] hfoh g} xf] . ldlgPkln; cflb 7fpFdf :jLl8; ;+:s[lt b]Vg ;lsG5 /] . dfgj 3'dGt] k|f0fL xf], ;'vsf] vf]lhdf b'Mv u/]/ o'/f]k k'u]sf slt g]kfnL e]l6P .

      sf]Onf / kmnfd o'4df k|of]u ePkl5 :j]8]gdf lr;f]n] l6Sg} g;lsg] eP5 . To;kl5 w]/} dflg; ;lhnf] hLjgsf] vf]lhdf cd]l/sf lt/ nfu]5g\ . b'O{ ah] lt/ 8]gdfs{ k'u]/ kGb| ldg]6 hlt 3'd] . w]/} ofqLx? 8]lg; pTkfbgsf] sfn{;ju{ ljo/sf] r'l:s lnFb} lyP . 8]lg; uLt / ;+uLt nfOe e} /x]Yof] Tolts}df km]l/ :j]8]g kms{g' kg]{ ePsf]n] d t'?Gt} lkmtf{ ePF l6s6 km]l/ r]lsª u/]/ Stena Line :6]gf lng] km]l/df a;] clg 8sdf a;]/ 8fo/L n]Vg a;]F . cfhsf] lbg ;d'Gb|sf] cfgGb lnFb} :j]8]g / 8]gdfs{sf] lardf cjl:yt ;d'Gb|L ;tx x]g{ d Jo:t eof}+ . :j]8]gsf] a;fO{sf] bf]>f] lbg dxTjk"0f{ /xof] . hxfhdf ;fgf] lunf;df :jLl8; cNsf]xn lgMz'Ns ljt/0f e}/x]sf] lyof] . 8]lg; Xof6 klxl/Psf b'O{ hgf ;'Gb/L s]6f s]6Lsf] nflu nfdf nfdf a]n'g km's]/ lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ub}{ lyP . ko{6snfO{ cfslif{t ug{ o:tf 7fpF cg';f/sf ultljlw ug'{ jf~5lgo b]lvG5 .

      hxfh 8]gdfs{ af6 :j]8]gsf] uf]6]sf{ -c+u|]hL efiffdf uy]gju{_ hfgsf] nflu k|:yfg u¥of] . kmls{bf 8]lg; ;adl/g -kfgLd'lg /xg] ;}lgs hxfh_ klg 8sdf b]lvof] . ;Fu} ;'Svf 8sdf Ps lgdf{0f x'b} u/]sf] csf]{{ kfgL hxfh klg b]lvof] . ca 8]lg; lsgf/faf6 6fl9b} ;d'Gb|sf] leq kl§ hfFb} 5 . xfdL uPsf] efu 8]gdfs{sf] pQ/df kg]{ /x]5 .

8]gdfs{ e|d0f

      lxGbdxf;fu/ b]lv k|zfGt dxf;fu/sf] ofqf M g]kfn hldg} hldgn] 3]/LPsf] d'n's xf] . ;fob Nof08 nS8 x'g' klg g]kfnsf] ljsfzsf] afws xf] . o; kfnL blIf0f Plzof, ef/t, >Ln+sf lt/ ePsf] lxGb dxf;fu/af6 o'/f]ksf] pQ/ klZrd lt/ /x]sf] P6nflG6s dxf;fu/sf] lsgf/df cjl:yt :j]8]gsf] uy]gju{ e|d0fsf] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . Ps lx;fan] x]bf{ of] cj;/n] ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v /fi6«larsf] b'/L -kf6g} g;lsg]_ cfly{s ljljwtf slt dfgj lgld{t x'g eg] sltko k|j[lt k|bQm x'g\ . uy]gju{ d} $.% j6f g]kfnL /]i6'/]06 /x]5g\ . tfKn]h'ªb]lv afUn'ª ;Ddsf dflg;n] kfl/jfl/s >dåf/f ;'? ul/Psf tL /]i6'/]06sf dflnssf 5f]/f5f]/L :yfgLo h:t} eO{ ;s]5g\ . s6s dNnhLn] Ps dlxgf cl3 eg] cg';f/ :j]8]gdf sl/a ^)).&)) hgf g]kfnL xfn a:b}5g\ /] . yfO{ /]i6'/]06 gfd ePsf] /]i6'/]06 klg hxfhsf] 8s glhs} /x]5 . g]kfnLsf] a'l4, Ifdtf, >d ;a}sf] ;lDd>0f b]lvof] uy]gju{sf /]i6'/]06df . æa;'w}a s'6'Das+Æ kl/jf/ s] xf] t, j}w a:g] cg'dlt eP kl5 s/ ltg'{ k5{ /] . s/ lt/] kl5 cfˆgf] OR5f eP ;/sf/n] g} :j]l8; efiff l;sfpg] /x]5 . :j]8]gdf a:g] x/]s pd]/ ;d'xsf dfG5] ;fgf] b]lv ;Q/L jif{ ;Ddsf] nflu :jLl8; efiff l;sfOg] /x]5 . efiff ;+:s[lt ;Eotfsf] d"n xf] . cf}iflw d"nf] lgMz'Ns, s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns a]/f]huf/L eQf c? s] g} rflxof] / < ljZj el/df g]kfnLn] klg j}w, cj}w k'u]/ cfˆgf] >d nufP/ k|ult u/]sf] b]Vbf /dfOnf] nfUof] . hf8f]df hLjg clns sl7g x'G5 /] . cuf8L kl§ ;fgf] 7fpFdf km'n km'nfPsf 5g\ . x+l;nf] ldhf;sf efO{x? x]b}{ g]kfnL kgfsf] v'l;ofnL g} nfUof] . ;'/]Gb| s'df/ lnDa', :j]8]gdf s] lnDa'afg s] v'Da'afh oxfF t dfgjLotf ljsf; >d / ;'/Iff oltg} xf] xfdLnfO{ rflxg] Ps hgf efO{n] eGof] . d]/f] 3/ x]6f}8fsf] kbd kf]v/Ldf xf] . :j]8]g cfPsf] !* dlxgf eof] /] d]/f] ;;'/f :s'nsf] lzIfs x'g'x'GYof] . ;]ldgf/df cfO{ olx n'Sg'eof] . rf}w jif{kl5 j}wflgs eP/ ut jif{ 3/ uP/ e/v/} kms{g' ePsf] 5 eGof] . tkfO{ t oxfF a:g] x}g ls bfO{ k|Zg t]:of{of] . d}n] eg] efO{, hfkfg, sf]l/of, cd]l/sf, :jL6\h/ Nof08 sFlx n'lsg oxfF kf] lsg n'Sg' / efO{ eg] . t} klg cj}w ePsf g]kfnLx? c?nfO{ klg p:t} cfFvfn] x]g]{ /x]5g\ . o:t} 5 g]kfnLsf] csf]{ g]kfnL k|ltsf] x]/fO{ . Tof] x]/fO{df p;sf] ulNt xf]Og, ljb]zLg], n'Sg], efUg], nfx'/] x'g], zf/Ll/s >dsf] nflu klg :jb]zdf sfd gkfO{ aflxl/g] afWotf eP/ xf]nf <

h] xf]; cflv/ g]kfnLdf g]kfnL kgf t x'G5 g} . d d]/f] 3/sf] /fhf em'k8Lg} ePklg .

d]/f] xjfO{ hxfhsf] l6s &%)) qmf]g/ k/]5 . u]i6 xfp;sf] ef8f $))) qmf]g/ lx;fa u/]5 uy]gju{ ljZj ljBfnon]

cfh cu:t @ tfl/vsf lbg laxfg p7]F . uy]gju{ ljZjljBfnosf] k|fWofksx? ;Fu g]kfndf ul/g] lkmN8 l/;r{sf] af/]df 5nkmn u¥of}+ . lkmN8 l/;r{sf] :yfg, tl/sf, l/;r{ d]yf]8f]nf]hL, ;+Vof, k|ZgfjnL, ;f]wdf nfUg] ;do . cg'dflgt vr{ cflb ljljw ljifodf 5nkmn u¥of}+ . uy]gju{ ljZjljBfnosf] Unf]an :6l8h sfo{qmd ljefudf a;]/ ?jf08fsf] Ps cg';Gwftf ;Fu klg 5nkmn eof] . b'O{ ah];Dd cg';Gwfgsf] 5nkmn kl5 sf7df8f}+ /]i6'/]06df vfgf vfof}+ . ToxfF ;fx'hLn] d}n] vfPsf] vfgfsf] k};f lnPg . kf]v/f n]vgfysf efO{n] ut jif{b]lv Tof] /]i6'/]06 rnfPsf] /x]5 .

Tof] b]v]/ :jLl8; ;flynfO{ crDd nfUof] . s] xf] of] g]kfnL cflTdotf glrg]sf] klxnf] e]6 ePsf] dflg;nfO{ klg lsg l;Q} vfgf lbPsf] <

df};d lnªb]g -lnDa'_

kGb| jif{df P;=Pn=;L= u/]kl5 cfO{=P= kf; ePg, ljb]z hfg] Rofgn lyPg . ljb]zsf] af/]df yfxf kfPF, o'/f]k t d lx8]/ cfPsf] x'F . ef/t Go"lbNnL bnfnsf] kl5 nfu]F, rf]/ a'l4 l;sF], bnfn;Fu, bnfnL ;Fu hf]l8g k'uF] . g]kfndf :s"ndf k9\bfv]l/ hf]8{gsf] /fhf dbf{ :s'n laFbf ePsf] ;+emgf lyof] . ef/taf6 d Tolx b]z k'u]5' . ToxfF hfsL zx/df sl/a tLg dlxgf a;]F, n]agfg glhs} /x]5 . leq a:bf kbf{ vf]Ng gkfOg] . aflx/ uof] dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ x]g{ gkfpg] . d]/f] o'/f]k s;/L k'Ug] eGg] dfq WofpGg lyof] . xfdL !^ hgf lyofF} bnfnn] k7fpg g;Sg] l:ytL eof] rf/ nfv ltl/ ;s]sf lyof}+ . a]n'sf l/; p7]/ ‰ofn vf]Nof}+ . jl/ kl/sf dfG5]n] 3/df 9'Ëfd'8f u/] . To; kl5 xfdL dWosf kGb| hgf 3/ g]kfn kms]{ . d}n] bnfn;Fu s'/fu/]F / Sa'afsf] le;f kfPF . So'af hfg eg]/ :k]gdf emg]{ ljrf/ lyof] . kfOn6n] kf;kf]6{ cfkm';Fu /fVof] . clg So'af k'luof] tLg dlxgf a;]kl5 ef]sef]s} eOof] clg :k]g eP/ kmls{of] . TolxF kf;kf]6{ 6jfOn]6df
Roft]F . kf;kf]6{ gePsf]n] Kn]gsf] u]6df dnfO{ 5f]8\of] . xjfO{ hxfh 5f]8] z/0ffyL{ ePF . k'ln;n] k};f dfUof] d;Fu k};f lyPg . Ps xKtf s8f k|x/L lgoGq0fdf y'Gof] . Ps xKtf kl5 ^ dlxgf vfg] a:g] efiff k9\g] Joj:yf u¥of] . t/ sfd eg] kfpg d'l:sn lyof] . ToxfFaf6 d k|mfG; k'u] . ToxfF k+hflasf] u'?åf/fdf vfg, a:g lk|m lyof], ToxfF a;]F . kl5 :jL6h/ Nof08 k'uF] h]g]ef sl/a @).@% lbg a;]F, a]lNhoddf !$ dlxgf a;F] . ToxfF sdfO{ ePg clg hd{gL k'Fu] k|mfGskmf]6{ k'u]F . km]l/ a]lNhod eP/ 8]gdfs{ k'u]F . sf]k]gx]u]gdf ufFhf vfg] 7fpF k'u]F . ToxfFaf6 gj]{ uP/ tLg jif{ latfPF . ljgf kl/ro kq cj}w eP/, clg gj]{af6 :j]8]g cfPF sl/a bz uf8Ldf PsnfO{ r]lsª x'G5 d cfPsf] uf8L r]s ePg . kl5 kf]r'{un uP/ k]k/ t}of/ eof] . clxn] :jLl8; gful/stf / kf;kf]6{ e} ;Sof] .

;g\ @))( b]lv cfkm}n] xf]6n vf]nF] . klxn] ef/tLo sxfF kfFr jif{ sfd u/]F . xfn :jLl8; eP/ kl/jf/sf dfG5]nfO{ sfdbf/sf] ?kdf af]nfPF . xfn xfdL @) hgf $ /]i6'/]06 vf]n]/ a;]sf 5f}+ . d oxfFsf] dfG5];Fu lax] ul/ l8ef];{sf] ;Fw} ;Defjgfdf
/xGg . To;}n] g]kfnL 8f]/LnfO{ d l5gfNg] 5}g . dnfO{ d]/f] b]zsf] dfof 5 .

:j]8]gsf] ;'Gb/ bf]>f] 7"nf] gu/Lsf] gfd uy]gju{ xf] . uy]gju{sf] xfj{/ glhs} Ps efO{sf] yfO{–Ozfg /]i6'/]06 5 . h;sf] d"n dflns ================= efO{ x'g\ . plg klxn] t]x|y'd t?0fbnsf] cWoIf /x]5g\ . -Ps axfb'/ g]kfnLsf] wSsd wSsfsf] ;kmntf_ k|f]:tfnª\utf, km6{ nª l:6«l6;\ cjl:yt, clxn] :j]8]gsf] uy]gju{df hDdf $ j6f /]i6'/]06df hDdf @) hgfPs} kl/jf/sf] dfG5] dflns, sfdbf/ ;a} cfkm} x'g'x'G5 . dfl;s $) xhf/ :jLl8; qmfpg /]i6'/]06sf] axfn 5/] . Ps xhf/sf] g]kfnL kGb| xhf/ x'g] /x]5 d'Gb|f ;6xL ubf{ .

cfh kfFr ah] p7]/ M Slots skogen Znf]:sf]h]g kfs{df 3'Dg uPF . kfs{ cToGt ;'Gb/ lyof] . klxnf] k6s ;Ln df5f k|hflt w'|jLo k|b]zsf hgfj/nfO{ b]v]F . af6f]df s]lx kmf]6f] lvr]F b'O{ hgf dlxnfn] Ps l5g kv]{/ d]/f] klg kmf]6f] lvRg] sfd ul/g . ^ ah]b]lv * ah];Dd 3'd3fd u/]kl5 d u]i6xfp;df kms]{ / g'xfO{ w'jfO{ u/]F . To;kl5 g]kfnaf6 NofPsf] jfO{jfO{ rfprfp ksfP/ vfPF .

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cfh uy]gju{af6 sf]k]g x]ug hfg ljxfg} b]lv t}of/ eP/ a;]F . sl/a Ps 306f k|l;4 kfs{df 3'Dbf Oe]G6sf] t}of/L x]/]+ . 6'8Lv]n h:tf] kfs{sf] rf}/df 8f]h/ rnfP/ klg b'jf] / 3fF;nfO{ s;/L ;'/Iff ubf{ /x]5g\ To;sf] nflu slt vr{ nfUbf] xf] . oxfFsf] gu/kflnsf jf kfs{ Joj:yfkgsf] t}of/L vr{ b]v]/ dnfO{ cgf}7f] nfUof] . ToxfFaf6 kms]{kl5 g'xfO{ w'jfO{ u/]+ / n'ufdf :qL nufpg nfp08«/L sf]7fdf uPF k/Gt' :qL sfd u/]g . To;kl5 km]l/ sf]7fdf cfPF / vfg];fdfg lsGg ahf/ uPF . bxL, kfp/f]6L, s]/f lsg]/ lnP/ cfPF . g]kfnaf6 NofPsf] 6«]s/;{ km'8 ld;fP/ vfhf vfPF . w]/} j]/;Dd ;'zg gcfPkl5 ckmuflg ;Fu ;f]wF] :6]zgdf s;/L k'Ug] p:n] eGof] k}bn @).@% ldg]6 nfU5 . t/ a; / 6«d h] df uP klg x'G5 . Tolx tn dfly ub}{ lyP ls ;'zg cfOk'lug . pgsf] sf/df ;]G6«n :6]zgdf uof}+ / :6sxf]dsf] lk|G6 gePsf] l6s6sf] af/]df ;f]Wof}+ / lk|G6 ul/ dfUof}+ . csf]{ sf]k]g x]ug b]lv uy]gju{ kms{g] l6s6sf] ;do kl/jt{g ug{ cg'/f]w ubf{ ;Dej ePg . /]nsf] l6s6sf] ;dodf klg kl/jt{g ug{ ufx|f] /x]5 . OG6/g]6af6 l6s6 ljlqm ug]{ sDkgL cs}{ xf] /] l6s6df ;do lbPsf]nfO{ km/s gkg]{ eg]sf] 5 . To;}n] l6s6df n]v]sf] 6]lnkmf]g gDa/df kmf]g ug'{;\ eGof] . cyjf 6]«gdf a;]kl5 ;f]Wg'; eGof] . To; kl5 xfdL /]nj] :6]zgdf a;]/ sfk'lrgf] slkm vfof}+ . xfdL b'j} hgfn] vfPsf] slk ld7f] lyof] . tLg ah]/ rjfln; ldg]6df xfd|f] /]n af6f]
nfUof] . Sof /dfOnf] ;'Gb/ ;kmf xl/of] d'n's . lxhf] kfgL k/]sf]n] cfh cfsfz :jR5
5 . u|fld0f b[Jofjnf]sg ub}{ :j]8]gsf] /]n 8]gdfs{ lt/ nfUb} 5 . df};d Ps bd /dfOnf] 5 . emndNn 3fd nflu /x]sf] 5 . tfkqmd hDdf @@.@# l8u|L 5 . æ;'xfgf ;km/ cfh df};d xl;FÆ jfnf lxGbL uLt ;Demg dg nfUof] .

      Ps hgf cw{ sfnL aflnsf;Fu /]ndf e]6 eof] . pg};Fu ukm ub}{ uof}+ …;]gfa'Ú pgsf] gfd xf] . Do'lhs sG;6{df :jLl8; uLt ufpg' hfb}F l5g\ . rf/ cfdf / Ps af 5g\ /] pgsf . pgsf] g]kfn x]g]{ OR5f 5 . uflDaofdf ljsfz] sfd ubf{ pgsL cfdf;Fu lax] u/]5g\ . of] /]n :j]8]gaf6 8]gdfs{ lt/ nfUb} 5 . af6f]df y'k|} ljG8ldn lah'nL lgsfNg] kFvf b]lvFb}5g\ . ;du| If]q xl/ofnL o'Qm 5 . ux'F, hfF} kfs]/ kx]Fnf] ePsf] 5 . ufO{ j:t', e]8f, 3f]8f, r/b}5g\ . af6f]df ;–;fgf 3/, ;–;fgf ufpF b]lvG5g\ .

o'/f]ksf] /]nj] :6]zgdf klxnf]k6s h+unL v/fof] b]v]+ . o'/f]ksf] ljsfzsf] Pp6fsf/0f ;Dd k/]sf] hldg /x]5 . efO{ lsË o'udf n'6fxfx?sf] d'n's /x]sf] :j]8]g j}wflgs /fHo vf]Hbf afx|f} ztflAbb]lv /fhtGq ;lxtsf] /fHo :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvFbf] /x]5 . pGgfO;f}+ ztflAbsf] ;'? b]lv dfq gj]{ 5'§} /fHo ag]sf] /x]5 . klxnf :j]8]gg} :sfG8]g]leog Ps dfq alnof] /fHosf] ?kdf :yflkt eP5 . klxnf] 7"nf] kfgL hxfh agfO{ k"j{df ?if / klZrd blIf0fdf a]nfot, hd{gL;Dd nfO{ n'6\g] n'6fxfdfFemL 8s}t ;fgf ;d"xsf] gfd efOlsË /x]5 . cfhef]nL k]6«f]nsf] 7"nf] e08f/sf sf/0f gj]{ wlg eP5 . klxn] Tof] e"–efu Ps bd clgsfn / ljkGg u|:t If]q /x]5 .

      /fhf u':tfe b]lv :j]8]gsf] Jojl:yt Oltxf; z'? ePsf] dflgbf] /x]5 . afx|f} ztfAbLsf] dWoefunfO{ :j]l8; /fhgLlts Oltxf;;Fu hf]8] klg cfO; Phsf] cGt b]lv sl/a !),))) jif{b]lv :j]8]gdf dfgj cl:tTj /x]sf] ljZjf; ul/g] /x]5 .

dfNdf] k'Ug] a]nf lt/ 6]«g el/o/ cfof] . klxn] cfwfeGbf a9L vfnL lyof] . o'/f]ksf] 6]«gdf klg cfˆgf] ;fdfgsf] xf]l;of/ ug'{;\, cfkm};Fu /fVg';\ dfly /fVbf cfkm'n] lgu/fgL ug'{;\ elg eGbf -PgfpG; ubf{_ /x]5g\ .

;a} dfG5] cf–cfˆg} tfndf a;]sf 5g\ . cfwf 306f kl5 xfdL dfNdgfds zx/df k'Ug] 5f}+ . Tof] :j]8]gsf] t]>f] 7"nf] zx/ xf] /] . k/Gt' ToxfFsf] hg;+Vof hDdf kfFr nfv dfq 5 . dfNdaf6 8]gdfs{ hfg gofF k'n kf/ ug'{ kg]{ /x]5 . Tof] k'n :j]8]gdf cfsfzdf / 8]gdfs{df ;d'Gb|d'gL ag]sf] /x]5 . To;af/]df hfgsfl/ lng d}n] Pshgf s]6f;Fu ukm u/]+ .

Pontus kf]G6; gfd u/]sf] s]6f sDKo'6/ l;:6d l8enlkª ljifo k9\b} u/]sf] dfG5] . p;n] eGof] :j]8]gaf6 hd{gL hfg] /]n 7"nf] 8'Ëf -km]/Ldf_ hfG5 /] . hasL xfdL s0ff{nL / sf]lzdf klg /fd|f] 8'Ëf oftfoft rnfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . kz'kltsf] ofqf l;b|fsf] Jofkf/ eg]em}+, d}n] yf]/} ;dosf] :j]8]gsf] z}lIfs e|d0fnfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug{ 8]gdfs{ uPF .

      sf]k]g x]ugdf Ps /ft latfP/ km]l/ ef]ln laxfg} :j]8]g kmls{g] 5'F . /]naf6 8]gdfs{ :j]8]gsf] hldgsf] b[iofjnf]sg x'b}5 . cTofw'lgs 8]lg; k'n klg kf/ ug]{ 5'F .

@)!#–)*–)%

-8]gdfs{–:j]8]g_

wgLb]z dx+uf] lbzf M sf]k]g x]ugsf] ;]G6«n /]nj] :6]zgdf dnfO{ cln k]6 c;lhnf]
eof] . tLg hgfnfO{ ;f]w]kl5 aNn rlk{ b]lvof] . k/Gt' To;a]nf ;Dd d}n] cfkm';Fu ePsf 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6L ;s]sf] lyPF . d ;Fu hDdf Ps qmf]g/ dfq afFsL /x]5 . clg t kfFr qmf]g/ glt/];Dd -rkL{_ 6\jfOn]6lt/ hfg] 9f]sf v'Ng] ePg . To;kl5 d a}+sdf uP/ :jLl8; qmf]g/af6 8]lg; qmf]g/ ;fF6g nfu]+ . sfpG6/sf] dlxnfn] elgg l;Ssf t cfwf d"Nodf dfq ljS5 . t}klg k]6 t ;kmf ug}{ lyof] . d}n] qmf]g/ af6 qmf]g/ ;fF6] / rlk{hfg] lt/sf] d]lzgdf Kjfn k/]sf] kfFr qmf]g/ xfn] . Ps lan cfof] . s]lx k/ Tof] lan b]vfPkl5 9f]sf v'Nof] . rkL{sf] sfd ;DkGg eof] . Ps qmf]g/sf] !% ?lkofFsf b/n] krxQ/ ?lkofFdf lbzf ug'{ k¥of] .

Ps 306f hlt klxn] g} /]nj] :6]zg sf]j]gx]ug ;]G6«ndf k'u]kl5 otf ptf ub}{ ;do laTof] . 7Ls !!M#) ah] :j]8]g hfg] /]n cfOk'Uof] . !! ah]/ #@ ldg]6df 8]gdfs{af6 k|:yfg ;d]t u¥of] . Sofuhasf] ;dosf] Vofn ul/g] /x]5 . 8]gdfs{df sl/a %))) hgf g]kfnLx? a}w cj}w ul/ a:5g /] . ltgLx? dWo yf]/}n] dfq k|f]km];gn sfd kfPsf /x]5g\ . oxfF sfd kfpg ufx|f] 5 /] . w]/} sdfpg]nfO{ s/sf] b/ a9g] ePsf]n] dflg; w]/} sfd gug]{ /x]5g\ . b'O{ 306fb]lv rf/ kfFr 306f dfq sfd u5{g /] k|foM . gljg Pshgf g]kfnL cfO{6L– OlGhlgo/ /x]5g\ . h;sf] 3/df a;]+ plg k|f]km];gn sfd ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . OGkm/d]zg k|ljlwsf] sfd . of] sfddf tLg rf/ nfv k|lt dlxgf k|fKt x'G5 /] . 8]gdfs{df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff, :jf:Yo pkrf/, s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff ;a} /fd|f] 5 /] . sf]k]g x]ugdf uf8Lsf] d"No / ;fOh cg';f/ dxFuf] s/ k|0ffnL /x]5 . zx/sf] kmf]xf]/nfO{ hnfP/ jf oyf of]Uo g:6 ug]{ k|0ffnL uhasf] /x]5 . kmf]xf]/ kmfn]kl5 w]/} 7fpFdf c6f]d]l6s d'lgsf] Kjfn af6 Jojl:yt ug]{ s'g} 7fpFdf hfg] /x]5 . u8u8fx6sf] cfjfh ub}{ . sf]k]g x]ugdf jftfj/0f ;kmf, jfo' k|b'if0f Go"g ePsf] ;fOsn d}qL zx/ /x]5 . s/f]8 klt b]lv /f]8 klt ;Dd ;// ;fOsndf s'bg] /x]5g\ . ;'Gb/Lx? a[4a[4fx? klg lbgel/g} ;fOsn s'bfPs} b]lvP . :j]8]gkl§ ;d'Gb| dfly / 8]gdfs{ kl§ ;d'Gb| d'lg /]nsf] k'n / 6g]n agfPsf] /x]5 . ;d'Gb|df ;}of}+sf] ;+Vofdf lj08 ldn klg la5ofOPsf /x]5g\ . em'Nsf] d'Nsf] 8]gdfs{ sf]k]gx]ugsf] ofqf ;dfKt x'Fb}5 . :j]8]gsf] u|fld0f Onfsfdf ux'Fkfs]/ kx]nf] ePsf] 5 . of] ux'Fn] dfgj tyf ufO{ j:t' b'j}nfO{ vfgsf] aGbf]a:t u5{g\ xf]nf . /]ndf ofqf ul/ /x]sL sfnL dlxnf ;Fu b'O{ lsl;dsf] lapsf] pTkfbg /x]5 . 5f]/f] clk|msg lap clk|msL v]t / 5f]/L rfFlx :jLl8; ljh clk|msg v]tdf k/]sf] :ki6 b]lvGYof] . :Sof08]g]leofdf /+uLg dflg; agfpg clk|msg /+un] ;lhPsf] b]lvof] .

8]p8f æux'FkfsL kx]nf e}Uof ds}sf ad/Æ cfpb}/o} 3'Db}/g' g]kfnL ed/ .. aemflË 8]p8fsf] no ;lxtsf] uLt ufpg dg nfUof] . cfˆgf] sfd ug]{ ynL kBsGof SofDk;, 3/, kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ la;]{/ o'/f]lkog /]ndf /dfOnf] udL{df labf dgfpFbf cjZo cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt e} /x]5 . clxn] x]nl;jf]/ eGg] :6]zg cfP5 . w]/} ofqL cf]ln{P . hLjg ofqfdo 5, pqg', r9g', Ps lbg laFbf x'g' . st} ;fgf :6]zg st} hS;g 7"nf :6]zg cfpF5g\ . sltko JolQm Ps zAb klg gaf]n]/ leq l5b{5g\ / aflx/ lg:sG5g\ . cf–cfˆg} tfnsf dfG5] x'G5g\ . h] ePklg gaf]n] klg :j]8gsf] ;'Gb/Lx? x]g{nfO{ ;fFRr} /dfOnL ltvf] gfs, ;'gf}nf] ls ;]tf skfn / k'/} ;]tf] uf]/f] 5fnf / udL{df ()Ü hlt g 9flsPsf] hLp . k/Gt' plgx? dfgl;s ?kdf Tolt r~rn] rflx 5}gg\ . g]kfndf jiff{ Ct' xf], emd emd kfgL kl//x]sf] 5 xf]nf . oxfF udL{sf] ljbfsf] df};d /x]5 . ;a} sn]hx? labfd} 5g\, oxfFsf k|fWofks ljBfyL{ ljbf dgfpg ;d'Gb| lsgf/df klN6g, h+undf ;fOsn rnfpg / b]z b]zfj/ 3'Dg hfg] /x]5g\ . o'/f]k cd]l/sfdf labf ;fFRr} labfsf] ?kdf cfgGbn] dgfpg] /x]5g\ .

o'/f]ksf] /]ndf a:bf ef/tLo /]ndf ;'lgg] cfjfh rgf r6k6] dzfn] jfn], u/d k'/L, 5f]n] e6'/]sf] ld7f] cfjfhsf] ;+emgf eof] . o'/f]kdf cfˆgf] :jfbsf] vfgf ef/tLo /]i6'/]06df klg gkfOg] /x]5 . :j]8]gdf k|s[lt wgL 5 . ?v lj?jf c;+Vo 5g\ . To;df klg cf]ssf] ?v dxTjk"0f{ dflgg] /x]5 æefO{lsËÆ * b]lv !$ ztfAbL ;Dd 7"nf] cf]ssf] ?v sf6\g /fhfnfO{ dfq clwsf/ 5 eGg] egfO{ /x]5 . cf]ssf] sf7n] /fd|f] hxfh agfOg] x'Fbf ljZjsf] 7"nf] hxfh To;a]nf :jLl8; /fhfs} dfq x'GYof] /] . To;}n] k"j{df /l;ofb]lv blIf0f hd{gL, k|mfG;, a]nfotnfO{ klg ;d'Gb|df n'6\g] sfd efO{ls+n] ug]{
/x]5g\ . cfhsf] ;dfhjfbL Joj:yf / /fd|f] dfgj clwsf/, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ePsf] b]z ljutdf n'6fxfsf] b]z lyof] .

      /]n ;–;fgf :6]zgdf klg /f]lsg] / lj:tf/} hfg] /x]5 . w]/} h;f] ;dodf rf/ l;6 ePsf] 7fpFdf d PSn} lyPF . slxn] sfFxL dfq cfwf l;6 ;Dd el/g] /x]5g\ . w]/} ;do /]nsf w]/} l;6 vflng} 5g\ . sf]k]g x]u]g b]lv uy]gju{ @!^ + @* = @$$.– hDdf b'O{ ;o rjfln; lsnf]ld6/ /x]5 . t/ Tof] b"/Ldf /fd|f] kmf:6 6]«g rfFlx 5}g .   

cu:t ^ tfl/v uy]gju{af6 b'O{ lbg cl3 :6sxf]d hfg] sfo{qmd eof] . laxfg ^ ah] p7]/ bfFt dfFem] bf/L sf6]F / km]l/ s]lxa]/ kN6]F . oxfF dflg;x? /flt l9nf ;'Tg] /x]5g\ !@–!–@ ah] lt/ . laxfg klg l9n} p7\g] /x]5g\ . ;ft ah] kl5 Psl5g aflx/ ;8sdf 3'Dg uPF . kms]{kl5 g'xfO{ wf]O{ u/]F lsgsL lxhf] sf]k]gx]ugdf ;fx|} ;fgf] 7fpFdf a;]sf]n] g'xfpg ;lsg . cfh g'xfO{ ;s]kl5 n08«L -jfl;ªd]lzg_ df n'uf xfn] / jfl;ª kfp8/ /fv]+ . Ps 306fdf n'uf w'g] sfd eP5 . km]/L csf]{ d]lzgdf /fv]+ cfwf 306f leq} n'uf ;'Sof] . :qL eg] grNg] /x]5 . To;}n] wf]Psf] n'uf k6\ofP/ /fv]+ / ;fdfg Kofs ug]{ ljrf/ eof] . d cfPsf] lbg b]lvsf] uf/j]hnfO{ y}nLdf Jojl:yt ul/ uf/j]h /fVg] 7fpFdf uPF . d]6nsf] 7"nf] kfOkaf6 ;j} tnfaf6 /fv]sf] uf/j]h e'O{ tNnfdf hfg] Joj:yf u/]sf] /x]5 . kmf]xf]/ p7fP/ tn hfg'gkg]{ cfˆg} tNnfsf] s'gfdf uof] :6Lnsf] 9Ssg vf]Nof] / kf]sf] kf/]sf] kmf]xf]/ leq xfnL lbof] . Tolts}df e/v/ dflyNnf] tnfdf cfPsf] :k]lg; cg';Gwftf e]l6of] . p;n] eGof] ef]snfUof] a|]skmf:6 vfg hfG5' . d}n] cfˆgf] ;fdfg Kofs u/]+ . ;f9] gf}+ ah]lt/ ;'zgsf] kmf]g cfof] d ;f9] bz ah]lt/ xfuf cfO{ k'U5' eg]/ . plg sf/ lnP/ cfpg] ePkl5 dnfO{ lrGtf ePg . To;}n] sf]7fdf a;]/ of] ;'Gb/ gul/ 5f]8g] lbg s]lx ;+emgf n]Vg a;] .

:6sxf]d :j]8]g

@–$) df k'Ug' kg]{ 6]«g #% ldg]6 l9nf k'Uof] . ToxfF k'Ug] lalQs} s6s dNnhL t'?Gt} b]lvg' eof] . clg xfdLn] l56f] l56f] uP/ csf]{ nf]sn /]nsf] l6s6 lnof}+ . Tof] l6s6 lnPkl5 l;l6 6]«gdf @ :6]zg k/ dNnhLsf] 3/ uof}+ . ToxfF k'Ug] ljlQs} kmnkm"n cf?– :6«j]/L rLh, kfp/f]6L / dVvg, slkm vfPF . PSs} l5g g]kfnsf] /fhgLltsf] ukm u¥of}+ . afa'/fd, b]pjf, k|r08, k|jf;L g]kfnL, g]kfnsf] eljio ljleGg ljifodf xfd|f] ljrf/ ljdz{ eof] . dNnhLsf] 5f]/Ln] gd:t] elgg jxfFn] lrGof} eg]kl5 6fpsf] xNnfOg vfhf vfPkl5 st} 3'Dg hfg] xf]nf eGg] sfo{qmd /x]sf] 5 .

      s6s dNnhLsf] :6sxf]dsf] 3/df laxfg ^ ah]/ @) ldg]6df lapem]F . cfh jxfFsf 5f]/f 5f]/L aflx/ ;fyL sxfF hfg] ePsf]n] ;fob l5§} p7]/ u} ;s] . d}n] cw{ lgGb|fdf p7]sf] cfjfh ;'g]sf] lyPF . s6shL klg ;fob p7L ;Sg' ePsf] 5 ls Sof xf] . cln vf]s]sf] ;'g]sf] lyPF . jxfF e/v/ cfˆgf] sf]7faf6 aflx/ lg:sg' eof] . eGg' eof] d]/f 5f]/f5f]/L tkfO{ lxhf] cfPs} 7fpF -hf]ltjl/_ :j]8gsf] af]nfpg] gfd uy]gju{ hfFb}5g\ . ToxfF k'Ubf /]ndf sl/a ^.& 306f nfU5 . l56f] hfg] /]ndf rf/ 306f nfUg] /x]5 . d klg lxhf] Tolx /]ndf cfPsf] lyPF . kfFr ;o lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf ;'Gb/ ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 s:tf] /fd|f] . -hf]ltjl/_ uy]gju{df jxfFsf] :jLl8; ;fyLsf] kl/jf/ 5 /] . plgx? klg g]kfndf a;]sf x'g\ To;}n] xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s ldqtf 5 . plg g]kfndf 8fS6/sf] ?kdf sfd u/]sf dfG5] x'g\ To;}n] pgsf] d]/f] kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw /fd|f] 5 . pgsf 5f]/f, 5f]/L / d]/f 5f]/f 5f]/L plgx?;Fu ToxfF 3'Dg uP .

cfh k|ftM * ah]b]lv !!M#) ah] ;Dd :6sxf]d zx/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ s6s dNnhL ;Fu k}bn 3'd]+ . xfdL gofF :6sxf]daf6 k'/fgf] zx/ sf7df8f}+sf] c;g ls 7d]n h:tf] efudf uof}+ . ToxfF /fhb/af/, ;+;b, d+qfno, cfO{l8ofsf] clkm; klg x]¥of}+ . :6sxf]d lgs} k'/fgf] zx/ /x]5 tLg, rf/ jif{ k'/fgf 3/x? .

;f7L, ;Q/L xhf/ ljBfyL{

ToxfFaf6 xfdL clxn] :6sxf]d ljZj ljBfnosf] dNnhLsf] clkm; sf]7fdf a;]sf 5f}+ . ljZj ljBfno leqsf] k':ts k;ndf :j]l8; ;+ljwfgsf] c+u|]hLdf n]lvPsf] k':ts vf]Hbf kfOPg . :j]l8; efiffdf rfFlx /x]5 . xNsf kfgL k/]sf] 5 . 8Dd afbn nfu]sf] 5, aflx/ cln cln hf8f] 5 sf]7f leq udL{ 5 . cfh ljZjljBfnosf] SoflG6gdf vfgf vfof}+ () qmf]g/ k¥of] . To; kl5 km]l/ ljZj ljBfno xftf 3'Dg nfUof}+ . ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] ejg x]¥of}+ . dNnhLn] eGg'eof] oxfF ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf] z'Ns glt/];Dd hfFrdf a:g kfO{b}g . ljZjljBfno !*&* df :yfkgf ePsf] /x]5 . ljBfyL{ o'lgogdf ;a} kfl6{sf] k|lt:kwf{ x'G5 /] olx g} b]zsf] /fhgLltsf] d"n åf/ xf] . sfg"g -n_ k9\g] ljBfyL{n] o'lgog z'Ns ;aeGbf al9 ltg'{ k5{ /] #)) Ps ;]d]:6f/sf] cGon] @%) b]lv dfly . Pp6} sDn]S;df laxfg cf7 ah]b]lv ;fFem jf /ftL ( ah] ;Dd sIff z'? x'G5
/] . s'n k|fWofkgdf ;+nUg k|fWofks / sd{rfl/ ul/ k"0f{sflng cf+lzs ul/ hDdf %))) ;+Vof /x]5 . ljZjsf] !)) lj=ljBfno dWo Ps :6sxf]d ljZjljBfno ljZjsf] !)) pRr :t/sf ljZjljBfno leq k5{ /] .

      dfgljsL, sfg"g / lj1fg ;fdflhs lj1fg k9fO{ x'G5 . sl/a &) xhf/ ljBfyL{ k9fO{ x'g] /fhwfgLsf] ljZj ljBfno ( tNnfsf] ejg eP klg Psflt/ e"ldd} gjf}+ tnf lyof] . ;fob xfd|} lqe"jg ljZj ljBfnosf] h:tf] cUnf] xf]rf]sf] h:tf] 8f8f]df eP/ xf]nf . :j]8]gdf #) xhf/af6 ;]gfsf] ;+Vof !%,))) dfq agfpFbf ul0ft, lj1fg, h:tf ljifo hfGg] ;}lgsnfO{ :s'ndf, sn]hdf k9fpg lzIfssf] ?kdf lnP5 . To;}n] plgx? klg l;len hLjgdf cfpg v'l; eP5g\ . l;~h]g le;f Joj:yf ubf{ l;Gh]g b]zdf 7"nf] Ao'/f]qm]l;sf] vr{ 36]5 . sf/0f x/]s d'n'sdf s:6ddf nfUg] sd{rf/L cfjZos k/]g . To;}n] o'/f]df gePklg gj]{ l;Gh]g le;f dfGg] d'n'ssf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . :j]8]g EU df ePklg o'/f]df rNg] d'n'sdf kb}{g . oxfF cfˆg} d'b|f rN5 . o'/f]ksf @^ b]z l;Gh]g le;f rNg] d'n'sdf kg]{/x]5g\ . o'/f]k leq klg cem}F a]nfot, :jL; h:tf d'n'ssf] nflu cnu le;f lng' k5{ . ;+;f/ ljlrqsf] 5 . k|lj0f s'df/ k|hfklt–kf]v/f, xfn sf]k]g x]u]g, ;Fu / ls/0f lnDa'– t]x|y'd– :j]8]gdf a:g];Fu, e]6 ukmufkm dNnhLsf] 3/df vfgf cfP/ xfdL ukm ufkm ub}{ 5f}+ . xfdL rf/ hgf hDdf ePsf 5f}+ . d'lQm e§ 8]gdfs{sf] /fhb"tn] cd]l/sfdf kl9 /x]sL 5f]/Lsf] gfddf lk=P=sf] tna a'‰g] u/]sf 5g\ /] . s] sfo{jfxL ug{ ldN5 ls ldNb}g . 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ :6fkm agfO{ /fVg ldN5 ls ldNb}g . 8]gdfs{df a:g] g]kfnLx? crDddf k/]sf 5g\ /] . s:tf] dlt e|d ePsf]
xf]nf <

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clxn] xfdL 6sL{, o'qm]g / ?; larsf] vf8L dfly p8b} 5f}+ . o;sf] kfl/kl§ 7"nf] al:t 5 . b'O{ 306f ;Dd t xfd|f] hxfhn] uha;Fu tndfly u/]/ afbnsf] ljrdf / dfly hfg] sfd u/]sf] lyof] . clxn] 6ls{ dfly p8\b} 5f}+ . 6sL{sf] pQ/df 7"nf] vf8L /x]5 . Kn]gdf w]/} l;6 vfnL /x]5 . stf/ Pc/j]hdf sf7df8f}+ uy]gju{ slt l6s6 nfU5 dnfO{ yfxf 5}g sf7df8f}+ uP/ kQf nufpg sf]lzif ug]{ xf] . ;fob *.()) ;o 8n/ nfUof] xf]nf ls < xfdL r9]sf] xjfO{hxfh $!,))) lkm6 dfly af6 p8]sf] 5 . o;sf] u|fp08 :kL8 !)@& lsnf] ld6/ k|lt 306f 5 . cN6LRo"8 $!,))) ld6/ sl/a %))) lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf /x]5 :6sxf]d b]lv bf]xf;Ddsf] b"/L . clxn] c+sf/fsf] k"j{ / afs'sf] klZrd eP/ hfFb}5 Kn]g . :6sxf]d– $%*% lsnf]ld6/ bf]xf sf7df8f}+ ##^* lsnf]ld6/ ##^* + $#!^ + @))) = ())) t]n kfpg' cl3 bf]xf stf/sf] hg;+Vof hDdf @%,))) hlt lyof] / ^) jif{ cl3 clxn] !( nfv hg;+Vof e} ;Sof] /] . klxn] e]8f / pF6 ;Fusf] 3'dGt] hLjg latfpg]x? xfn r/d wgsf] jiff{df 5g\ . clxn] aubfb b]lvb}5, O/fs guPklg cfsfz dfu{ af6 O/fs kf/ ul/b}5 . Ps}l5g kl5 xfdL r9]sf] xjfO{ hxfh stf/ k'Ug] 5 .